Agri-business in Ethiopia


Ethiopian ShepherdThe fields stretch out across the horizon. An attenuated, high altitude light falls on the dark volcanic soils. The rusted hulks of dead war machines litter the roads. A shepherd boy smacks a goat into line, driving them all back into formation. Baboons scamper across the highway. The main north-south artery between Addis Ababa and Axum is a dirt road. It is a more fecund land than I ever expected. But who could blame me for thinking otherwise? After all, in the 1980s Ethiopia was a famine crippled land.

But it is a fragile fecundity, dependent as much on the counter-Monsoon as India is. A full 60% of the water volume that flows into the Nile drains out of Ethiopia, as well. Significant portions of Ethiopia are very arid. The area north of Gonder on the road to Axum is semi-arid, but by the time I arrived in Axum it was all dust and sand with only a little, very sparse vegetation. Most of the Tigray region is like this, as well. The Awash Basin, a newly formed mass (new in geological terms) of sand, sulfur and dust, is being shorn from Africa to the East as the Red Sea and Arabia pull it away from the continent. And to the South of Addis? Well, I don't know what the farm land is like there. I didn't see it. Ethiopia is also densely populated. At least in Amharaland--that area in the center of the country which is dominated by the Amharan-speakers. It's a land of small farms, lots of people and extreme poverty, as they eke out a meager existence farming tef, a crop grown only in Ethiopia used to make injera, that nasty, slightly sour and spongy bread the Ethiopians so love.

And now, into this mix of dire poverty and overpopulation comes the mega-farm. Ethiopia is now selling leasing it's most precious resource: it's land. And some people think this is just peachy:

More after the jump.

many experts are cautiously hopeful, saying that big agribusiness could feed millions by industrializing agriculture in countries such as Ethiopia, where about 80 percent of its 75 million people are farmers who plow their fields with oxen.

In this age where the US has become a net food importer anyone who believes that industrial agri-business is a good thing needs to have a long talk with Don Henry Ford, Jr. Industrial food production does increase yields, but at the cost of food quality and a serious decrease in the redundancy of food distribution. In a country like Ethiopia, which has suffered famine in the past, a lack of redundancy in distribution can be cataclysmic.

If this trend continues in Ethiopia the following will happen: many, many farmers will be driven off their land. After that they will swarm the cities. And when the crops fail, due to a poor Monsoon, one of two things will happen: the big agri-farms will suck as much water out of the lakes and the Nile drainage in Ethiopia and the Sudan and Egypt will suffer. Or, there will be famine in Ethiopia. Or both.


Sean Paul Kelley November 23, 2009 - 8:09am

What are the mounds of fodder in the background of the picture you posted? It looks like it could be stacks of hay, but I've seen indigenous Mexicans shock corn in similar fashion.

The thing about primitive methods--they employ lots of people, and they are sustainable.

Yes the work is hard. Some might even call it brutal. Sustainable agriculture kept the human race alive for centuries. And we have effectively killed it in a hundred years.

My recurring nightmare: What happens when a black swan event destroys our system of feeding ourselves?

Are we safer with ten corporations feeding us, or hundreds of thousands of small localized operations?

I did inhale.

Don November 23, 2009 - 9:58am

separated from the stalk. The leftovers are used for fodder for cattle, etc. . .

"All men's gains are the fruit of venturing."

-Herodotus

Sean Paul Kelley November 23, 2009 - 10:06am

The grain tef: I wonder if it contains gluten?

A couple of years ago I learned I am intolerant of gluten. Which means no wheat, rye or barley.

Sounds like you didn't like the bread much, but it has to beat some of the gluten free crap I've tried.

I so miss good bread.

I did inhale.

Don November 23, 2009 - 10:12am

the millet family and appears to be gluten free.

"All men's gains are the fruit of venturing."

-Herodotus

Sean Paul Kelley November 23, 2009 - 10:23am

If I may make a suggestion.

If you are reluctant to try out exotic grains, all you need to do is this:

White rice is easier to digest but less nutritious than brown rice. In order to increase its nutrient value, cook white rice (preferably Basmati) with 1-2 tbsp of any of the following grains.

Teff is high in iron and calcium
Amaranth is high in calcium and protein
Quinoa is high in protein
Kamut berries - a good source of dietary fiber, Thiamin and Phosphorus, and a very good source of Manganese and Selenium.


Tolerating prostitution is tolerating abuse and torture of women and children.

adrena November 23, 2009 - 6:29pm

of cooking alternatives. First kale, now new grains for me to hunt down.

Tonight I am cooking moroccan chicken with couscous.

A funny story: a friend from Hong Kong visited a few months ago, I offered him rice or cous cous as alternatives for dinner. He expressed a 'racist' attitude towards the cous cous. I cooked rice.

graham November 24, 2009 - 1:18am

Don't use Kamut berries as mentioned in the list of grains to add to rice. It takes too long to cook. I grind these in my coffee grinder and then cook it into a porridge. I meant to say Kasha (buckwheat groats) - this tastes delicious with rice. It gives it a nutty flavor. It's also chocful of nutrients such as: calcium, iron, B vitamins, plus it is a source of a complete protein.


Tolerating prostitution is tolerating abuse and torture of women and children.

adrena November 26, 2009 - 10:46pm

Tef is an under-appreciated grain. The grains are dark brown and smaller than poppy seeds. It needs *no* moisture during the summer to grow. If there is snow melt in the spring, that's all it needs to grow up and head out. You can get tef grain and tef flour from Bob's Red Mill but you may have to have your health food store order it. It's good, but there's no gluten in it, so you can't make it rise very high. A flatbread can be made of it, however. I have been told that there is a guy in Idaho that grows almost all of the tef grown in the U.S. and therefore is the supplier to Bob's Red Mill. I've tried it as a hot cereal and it works best if you mix it with millet or quinoa or amaranth. Amaranth is an excellent grain to grow on a very small scale - you simply bend the stalks over a wheelbarrow and hit them with a stick. I intend to try it next year. I have not grown tef, but if we have another summer like last year (with NO rain in the summer) I may try it. FWIW.

BC Nurse Prof November 23, 2009 - 12:23pm

"All men's gains are the fruit of venturing."

-Herodotus

Sean Paul Kelley November 23, 2009 - 1:42pm

Kenya and Zimbabwe spent the last 20 years kicking our ex-pat (white) farmers, and now the Africa Governments are bring in ex-pats again.

Zimbabwe's farms, the main industry, were very productive. Employed many people, and in general the workers were treated well.

If they want good farmers, the Boers from the south would be delighted to come and help. They have generations of experience in large scale farming in Africa.

Synoia November 23, 2009 - 12:07pm

ex-pats. As I recall, most of the successful farmers in Zimbabwe were natives of the country, in the sense that they were born there. If it were individuals with a serious tie in to the land, I don't have an issue with it. But big agri-business? Agri-business owned by the Saudis, as the Post story indicates? I can't help but to think that won't be so good.

"All men's gains are the fruit of venturing."

-Herodotus

Sean Paul Kelley November 23, 2009 - 12:21pm

Most of the farmers in Zimbabwe were second or third generation.

As in South Africa, where many of the farms go back to The Great Trek.

The Africans fought the Farmers of European descent over land.

This will end badly, for now it will be the "peoples government" vs the "rural people" or Darfur over and over and over again, especially when the "people government" is one tribe and the "rural locals" another.

Synoia November 23, 2009 - 8:29pm

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