World's Eighth Largest Economy In Peril


There was talk in this thread that there is a lot of hysteria right now about the American economy. I respectfully disagree, the hysteria is warranted, especially when the government of the world's eight largest economy is doing the following:

The payments to be frozen include nearly $2 billion in tax refunds; $300 million in cash grants for needy families and the elderly, blind and disabled; and $13 million in grants for college students.

Please, tell me how that is not going to ripple through corporate earnings at some time in the next 9-12 months and be reflected by the markets (which are a future indicator of economic performance)? Tell me how something like this augurs for a market trading sideways or upwards this year? I'm very interested in hearing how that's possible.


Sean Paul Kelley January 17, 2009 - 6:52am
( categories: Global Financial Crisis )

On his blog some time ago, Krugman observed (warned?) that it is possible to have comparable growth with different distribution. The US could return to previous levels of nominal GDP with a much higher GINI coefficient. This would mean a substantially more wealth concentrated at the top and a reduced standard of living for the vast majority, economically eviscerating the middle class and driving the poor into abject poverty. Countries generally try to avoid this because it increases the tendency toward social unrest and requires increased expenditure on domestic security. But it's a possible scenario economically.

Politically? Under a McCain/Palin administration it had high probability. Under an Obama/Biden administration, it is less likely that the GINI coefficient will rise to dangerous levels. But it could still rise significantly as the standard of living declines for everyone but the top tiers.

"Growth" as measured by GDP is just a number. In addition, nominal GDP is artificially increased by inflation, and the accounting mechanism can (and does) misrepresent this. Numbers are useful to a point, but they do not tell the whole story. For example, the numbers now aren't that bad, and the US only went into recession in Dec 2007. But a lot of people say they have been suffering for some time before that, and that things are getting worse for them instead of improving. The numbers do not reflect the degree of discomfort being experienced in the real world. Or, Phil Graham could be right and the US is a nation of whiners, and John McCain, too, saying that the fundamentals of the economy are strong. Considering that they got laughed out of town, this is probably not a good bet to take.

We are already seeing riots around the world at the margins, as well as tent cities in the US at the margins. Maybe ordinary folks aren't in this shape yet, but arguably the US standard of living is declining as people struggling with maintenance costs reduce or eliminate discretionary spending.

Credit is a big factor in the American lifestyle because most people use credit cards to manage cash flow. Therefore, changes in credit availability have a magnified effect on people's lives. This is way people unexpectedly chose to keep paying on their cards while they sent the keys to the house to the mortgage holder. Without credit to manage cash flow, their lives essentially collapse.

With the states in trouble, the social safety net is fraying at the worst possible time. Unless the federal government steps in, the margins are going to start expanding to the middle class, as even to some of the (formerly) "well off."

I think that the administration might consider stagflation a more attractive option than deflation, if they cannot reflate. That would mean a sideways market until inflation catches up with asset depreciation. Wages would be stagnant nominally, which means that in actuality they would decline. The assets of the ownership class would be preserved nominally, while the rest would suffer a serious decline in standard of living, with no prospect of recovery.

Health care is going to be another hugely pesky problem, for instance, along with freezes of cuts to other social programs as living standards decline. I don't think that the public will stand for trillions of dollars to the financiers and industrialists, and a sh*t sandwich for them, not to mention being stiffed for the bill on the bailouts. There will be push-back if Obama triangulates in the name of post-partisan unity, as he seems to be getting ready to do.

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 12:55pm

"it is possible to have comparable growth with different distribution"

How? 65% of spending is "middle class" or "consumer".

A model of the form of economy with "rich" and "poor" was the UK in the 50s. Not much growth then, war debts, loss of manufacturing, loss of world markets, low home demand, lopsided income distribution, no asset appreciation.

My parents bought a house in '52. Sold it for the same price in '59.

Synoia January 17, 2009 - 1:40pm

"it is possible to have comparable growth with different distribution"
How? 65% of spending is "middle class" or "consumer".

According to Krugman, the wealthy can make that up through their extravagant lifestyle and huge government expenditure on the military. He was emphasizing that he was speaking as an economist and that this is theoretically possible, so one shouldn't assume that things will just go back to the way they were. The game could change drastically and still work economically, measuring growth in terms of nominal GDP.

The 65% spending is actually a tricky number and it isn't exactly the way it sounds, i.e., a bunch of consumers going to the malls and spending on consumables. It includes a lot of maintenance costs and hidden costs.

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 2:19pm

"huge government expenditure on the military"

Requires large taxes and cheap cannon fodder (press gang or draft).

Hadn't noticed the rich were willing to sacrifice their lifestyle to support "large military expenditures." And at some stage even the rich will discover "large military expenditures" in not equivalent to "security" or "effectiveness". Especially in "asymmetrical warfare" -- that is invading & holding raggedy assed countries where the locals can fight on the cheap - stones, ieds, anfo explosives, etc.

"Wind of Change" - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_of_Change

Synoia January 17, 2009 - 3:58pm

The US defense stated budget is over a half trillion, and there's a lot of black stuff that's buried. In addition, the wars have been largely off budget. All this has been 100% financed during the Bush years. Moreover, the war spending was supplemented by contract work to cronies instead of using the regular military, at an estimated 8x markup. That's probably too conservative an estimate when the truth comes out.

No indication that Obama is thinking of cutting back. He is just shifting ops from one theater to another. At least there may be less corruption involved.

A large part of the wealth of the country concentrating at the top is through transfers from the public (present and future taxpayers, as well as the inflation tax) to the military-industrial-governmental complex. And, of course, the financing is done through the financial sector, which takes a cut.

The wealthy don't have to pay because their taxes have be gutted, and they all have offshore tax havens, too.

IN addition, a lot of the petro-dollars return to the US military-industrial complex through weapons sales.

This is an ongoing scam that shifts wealth to the top under the guise of national security that no pol is willing to call into question.

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 4:52pm

So goes the rest of the US economy. Once the US finds out the cost benefits of cutting sales and marketing from a utility (aka single payer health care), there will be great examination of the utility model for a large number of industries - ones that essentially sell products and services that are not unique (all insurance, banking, supermarkets, etc)

Marketing is an unecessry expense for monopolies (or cartels, or mature brands). And so is high executive pay.

Synoia January 17, 2009 - 1:34pm

Get rid of the parasites.

creativelcro January 17, 2009 - 1:46pm

"Get rid of the parasites, make California its own country, turn back the Okies at armed checkpoints on the border, quit sending bountiful tax monies to redneck hick flyover ruffians," right, right. That was like fifteen whole minutes ago. Now somebody slipped on a dog turd and landed full-length on an ant bed, and it's time to run screaming to the Elected Ones in DC to bail them out.

Lupo the Butcher January 19, 2009 - 12:51am

eom

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 2:20pm

But it can't last for ever. In the long run all companies go broke.

Synoia January 17, 2009 - 3:59pm

eom

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 4:53pm

Some of us have heirs and some of us don't.

The Church of England owns a lot of real estate in London & elsewhere. It is leased out in 125-year time slots.

Some people have very long investment timelines.

“The Playboy reader invites a female acquaintance in for a quiet discussion of Picasso, Nietzsche, jazz, sex.” - Hugh Hefner

Tonsure Wimple January 19, 2009 - 12:16am

Back in the 19th century Malthus pointed out a solution to a "general glut" or other fall off in consumption: namely at some point the rentier class would start spending as prices got low enough. Marx correctly noted that this is exactly what a war is.

The insight of Keynes was that rent is government, and that government spending, however named must supply the stimulus. The "increase the velocity of investment demand which generates nominal GDP enough to pay debts" leads, inevitably, to a higher GINI coefficient society.

Now let's underline what they are getting for their money: control. The present future value of that money has to come from someplace. Either the rentiers are getting hosed with fake investments, which happens, or they are going to be trading present consumption (which they don't care about, because they have glutted themselves on it. I mean, if you have a billion dollars, you can spend 100,000 dollars a day for 30 years before you are broke. And that is assuming zero interest) for future control.

That control is more valuable to them than an extra stay at the Waldorf Astoria.

Now we are seeing an attempt to do the reverse: dramatically increase the amount of investment demand, but lower it's velocity. That, in a nutshell, is Japanification: lowering the velocity of investment demand dramatically, without causing a panic large enough to break faith with the leadership. It will still be a very big panic.

Stirling Newberry January 17, 2009 - 2:05pm

The various rescue packages orchestrated by the Fed and Treasury have injected trillions of dollars of public funds into buoying investment demand to keep asset value from crashing further than it has. So far this has not generated any corresponding increase in velocity that would increase values substantially. This process is continuing as FIRE (finance, insurance, and real estate) continues to suck up public funds first "to avoid disaster" and then "to get things back on track." Meanwhile, the wars go on and are getting ramped up, while military spending is set to increase.

This has to be seen as a massive transfer of public (taxpayer) funding to the private sector at virtually no cost to to the private sector and at substantial risk to taxpayers, who are unlikely to see much return of principal, let alone interest or appreciation.

Moreover, this has been transpiring behind the curtain with no transparency, regulation, oversight, or accountability.

Ian sums it up in Economic Consequences of the Bailout Plan By: Ian Welsh FDL October 3, 2008

Note that Japanification was always the plan of the "neconomy", or Busheconomy if you prefer. It was always the endgame? Why? Because Japanification makes the winners of the final game permanent. All extra money in the system will be pumped to the people who made the bad decisions that crashed the prior economy, they will stay in power and because there isn't a dynamic economy left, no one is likely to rise to replace them

tjfxh January 17, 2009 - 2:41pm

We've been having the "Japanification conversation" since 2001, when the question was "what happens to deal with the stock bubble."

Stirling Newberry January 17, 2009 - 3:56pm

UK in 18th, 19th & 20th centuries.

Synoia January 17, 2009 - 4:02pm

California is not listed in the stock markets. And isn't there some guy from the Austrian school of economics leading the state?

The debt is listed, but aren't the CDS prices going down?

I posted this
http://agonist.org/singular/20090116/embarrassing_recession_statistics_from_the_usa which shows that the recession in real economy has been either a normal or very modest. I think that the idea of the recession hysteria is to make people accept the bailouts. California/New York bailout might be the next.

In 1970's Gerald Ford refused to bail out New York. In 1840's (or something) 9 US states defaulted in their payments.

If it goes bad, the USA can sell Alaska back to Russia or China.


--Storm brings only richness with it

Singular January 17, 2009 - 10:22pm

The last time the state issued such IOUs -- the only time since the Great Depression -- was in 1992.

The last time California was broke was in 1992. Thus, it seems to be almost normal.

I thought that California can't print money but they can print IOUs, which is the same.


--Storm brings only richness with it

Singular January 17, 2009 - 10:28pm

notice that the graphs say that the graphs don't represent real situations.

mrmx January 18, 2009 - 8:17pm

I don't really consider it hysteria, which implies a sort of unfounded emotion. I consider the whole financial crisis to be a sobering look at the reality of the situation. We can't as a nation, live on credit forever and we are not the economic powerhouse that we once were. The economy has gone global and China and India are kind of where it's at. Americans are used to being "No. 1," and there may be some rude awakenings for everyone over the course of the next year or two. But hey, we asked for it, in a lot of ways: outsourcing jobs (Canada for one, taxes/penalizes companies which outsource jobs overseas); the black hole of Iraq War spending; the e-z credit mentality that led people to believe that - even though they didn't qualify - they could "somehow" afford a house, etc. We're in for a bumpy ride and a hard landing.

pajamadeen January 17, 2009 - 11:16pm

The US economy is still the most highly developed in the world by a long shot. BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) all have a long a way to go to catch up with the US, Japan, the UK and Europe. However, their growth rates will be higher since they are playing catch-up and so investment will flow in that direction. In addition, the global economy is adjusting to competitive advantage, which is what open markets and free trade trade lead to. This is good. Capitalism is lifting billions of people out of poverty and bringing them into the contemporary world. As a result of competitive advantage a lot of lower level work will shift to low wage countries, creating dislocations for some time in the developed economies. But overall this is a good thing. The developed countries will begin to take more advantage of superior education, infrastructure, technology, etc, to develop new types of work some suitable for exploiting their advantages, which they have already paid for. Globalization is a messy business, but it is the right thing to do for many reasons.

The big problem in the US right now is twofold and these are linked. First, voodoo economics resulted in stagnant or reduced incomes at the bottom, forcing consumers to rely ever more on credit. Secondly, the credit markets were destroyed by a variety of factors discussed at length here. The result of these factors is reduced demand, which is now affecting the real economy. The banks are insolvent (see Mish) and this has created a liquidity trap, where monetary and fiscal policy don't work to increase lending. Falling credit means a decreasing supply of money, which is deflationary. We are arguably now slipping into deflation.

The underlying principle of voodoo economics is to increase investment to increase supply to pull demand along. That blew up for a number of reasons in addition to the fact that it was voodoo. The Keynesian solution is to increase demand by "helicoptering" funds to the bottom through government spending, ideally through direct transfer, e.g., food stamps, unemployment insurance, etc, and spending on infrastructure, health care, education and other government "investments" in the future that will pay back manyfold. This is not happening yet, and state government are already cutting back due to falling revenues and high cost of borrowing. If it isn't corrected soon, a deflationary spiral will set in, which is difficult to reverse. That's the time to get hysterical, and we are approaching it, judging from the planned cutbacks and lay-offs.

The problem is that the Bush policy was to try to rescue those financial institutions (cronies) that are "too big to fail." This has diverted funds from where they would do the most good most quickly, in order to bail out the elite and keep them wealthy and powerful at public expense.

There were and are other ways to do this, but the powers that be are fleecing the sheeple instead, and the Obama team doesn't seem to be ready to take a radically different course and let the system correct by destroying bad debt and knocking inflated asset values down to earth. As a result the debt overhang and other dislocations not being addressed will constrict the US and other developed economies for some time, and put a crimp in global development also.

This is not an entirely lost cause, however, since the Obama team seems to be planning to dance between saving the elite and restructuring the national and global economy. This could actually be fixed fairly quickly but very painfully, and the elite would take a big hit. The Obama team doesn't seem ready for that. So we will likely muddle through instead and everyone will feel some pain.

The question is in what shape we emerge from this and how long will it take. Will it be on a stronger footing for producing national prosperity, or will more wealth and power become concentrated at the top through consolidation. Right now, it 's not looking good for the Jeffersonians that want decentralization and very good for the Hamiltonians that will push hard for greater and greater centralization. Hamilton_vs_Jefferson_redux

So progressives have their work cut out for them and need to be making loud noises right away. David Sirota is leading a charge, for example.

Salon: Obama sells out to Wall Street: The president-elect's support of the bank bailout is payback to his wealthy Wall Street supporters by David Sirota

tjfxh January 18, 2009 - 12:49am

as a taxpayer, but the blind aren't "entitled" to help. What's wrong with this picture?

lambert January 18, 2009 - 12:29am

Big Money is "entitled' to two trillion of your dollars

So far. And that's just what they are admitting.

tjfxh January 18, 2009 - 9:44pm

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