IAEA Report Contradicts Major Media Narrative On Iran


I read the IAEA interim report this morning with my tea. One thing which is very clear is that in many respects the Iranians are not being cooperative, especially in three key areas:

Iran has not responded to the Agency's long standing requests related to:
·the uranium contamination at the Physics Research Centre;
·Iran's acquisition of P-1 and P-2 centrifuge technology; and
·the documentation concerning uranium metal and its casting into hemispheres.

This comes as no surprise and is not the most urgent aspect of the report, although it will no doubt be seized upon by the media as more evidence of Iranian 'evildoing'.

What is at issue here today is whether recent reports of Iranian breakthroughs in enrichment are true. Before today's report it was pretty clear the media's claims were not correct. The claims had been completely debunked by experts before the IAEA report came out. And yet the claims still managed to form the dominant media narrative, as this ABC Report reiterates:

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is expected to confirm Iran's rapid progress in advancing its uranium enrichment program in a report due tomorrow.

The only problem is that the report confirms no such thing. What the report details and conversations with arms control experts confirm is that the Iranians have made no major breakthroughs like that claimed by David E. Sanger of the New York Times. Furthermore, his story of May 15 was, as one expert put it, "misleading and sensationalized."

The relevant portions of the IAEA Report, released today, conclude:

Since the Director General's last report, Iran has fed approximately 260 kg of UF6 into the cascades at FEP. Iran has declared that it has reached enrichment levels up to 4.8% U-235 at FEP, which the Agency is in the process of verifying. On 13 May 2007, eight 164-machine cascades were operating simultaneously and were being fed with UF6; two other similar cascades had been vacuum tested and three more were under construction.

Dr. Jeffrey Lewis of the Belfer Center wrote "[that] Iran does seem to be making steady progress toward continuous operation of their centrifuges." But this is hardly indicative of a nuclear program about to start spitting out bomb grade material next week.

This evidence, presented in the IAEA report, says Paul Kerr of Arms Control Today does not support [the] rapid progress" described by Sanger in his article and portrayed by the media as a whole. Kerr added, "it doesn't seem like [the Iranians] have crossed a major threshold."

The claims filtering in and out of the media that Iran is one to two years away from producing bomb grade material are, to put it mildly, wildly inaccurate, as the report notes the Iranians are only reprocessing moderate amounts of UF6 to 4.8% U-235, and bomb grade material must be at least 80%.
Will the media correct its inflamed and sensationalized claims in light of this latest of IAEA reports?


Sean-Paul Kelley May 23, 2007 - 11:02am
( categories: Analysis | Iran )

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GordonMcMillan May 23, 2007 - 12:09pm

...reporting, but I'm not so convinced that it's quite so sensational. If one pays attention to the backstory and the details, the main narrative is there. The salient bit really seems to be that the Iranians are making constant progress and they're quite likely to be able to beat the consensus IC estimate (i.e., 2015) if they want to go down that road. The reporting's decontextualized to be sure, but what would one point to in Sanger's piece, for example, that isn't factually correct?

"Political Islam is a dream or a nightmare, but not a sociological reality." - Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah

JustPlainDave May 23, 2007 - 12:16pm

very similar arguments were made about Judy Miller's reporting in the run-up to the Iraq War. Is decontextualized a nice bureaucratic way of saying 'out of context' and misleading? If so, why not just say that. I don't object to the facts. What I object to is the facts being spun in such a way as to create a dynamic that leads the President to pull the trigger vis-a-vis Iran. Or, do you think that cannot happen?

"There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all argument, and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance. This principle is, contempt prior to examination."

Sean-Paul Kelley May 23, 2007 - 12:32pm

...lacking a "net assessment" or a bottom line, for lack of a better term. It's very difficult for me to assess precisely why it is that I don't like much of the coverage on Iran. In large part I think this is because the facts presented in much of the coverage are actually accurate, but what is missing is an overlying narrative or context that speaks to what Iranian intentions likely are and where the facts related fit into the trajectory thusfar.

I look at what Sanger in particular has written and I see a piece that touches on the major important issues:

-the progress that Iran has made and the ambiguity as to whether it can be sustained,

-the gap between the administration's position and al-Baradei's position regarding suspension,

-the notion that the administration's aim of keeping them from acquiring the knowledge and technical capability to enrich is no longer tenable,

-that the then forthcoming report was likely to say that the IAEA's handle on what the Iranians are doing in the program has decreased,

-the numbers of Iran's progress and what it might be able to achieve in the near future,

-the notion that what the Iranians may be trying for is the production of a breakout capability rather than a full-fledged weapons capability,

-and the notion that the no spinning centrifuges hardline is something that belongs to hawks in the administration and has some very, very significant downsides to it and even if pursued should be deferred.

There's nothing in there that I can point to as being factually wrong. It puts a lot on me as the reader to properly and completely evaluate the significance of all that (i.e., that I shouldn't panic yet, though the Iranians sure look to be marching ever forward) but I'm not sure that's inappropriate. You say you see spin - what specifically are you thinking of as spin here? I look and look to try and see why it is that I see much of the coverage as unsatisfying and I keep coming back to the notion that I'm unhappy because it isn't spun my way. My net assessment is that the Iranians are going to go for a breakout capability (at a minimum) and that we might be able to hold them to that and keep them from actually weaponizing (and that that should be our line in the sand), but I'm not sure that a reporter has any business leaning forward that much.

"Political Islam is a dream or a nightmare, but not a sociological reality." - Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah

JustPlainDave May 23, 2007 - 2:08pm

quotes made by El Baradei out of context to support Sangers assertion that Iran had made great leaps in progress, and by doing so sensationalized the issue and mislead his readers. The sensationalizing is the worst part becuase what we need now is cooler heads to think about the issue in a way you have thought it out. I don't disagree with your conclusions. What concerns me is this story not be turned into another aluminum tubes thingy and Cheney and Bush take it and run with it. I think that's a reasonable concern on my part and something worthy of criticism on Sanger's part.

"There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all argument, and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance. This principle is, contempt prior to examination."

Sean-Paul Kelley May 23, 2007 - 2:21pm

Jeffery's ticked because the quotes were used in a way that makes it look like they were directly confirming the related evidence rather than being billed as the general statements they were, but I really fail to see how this somehow would lead one to overstate the Iranian capability. The salient bit is that they have crossed a Rubicon of sorts and the previous "no spinning centrifuges" strategy is no longer tenable - al-Baradei certainly would seem to think so and the quotes reflect this. I don't think there's a lot that's been mischaracterized. As someone who reads a lot of source transcripts and listens to a lot of event podcasts, the use of quotes like this is one hell of a lot more common than most folks realize. Not a good thing, but if that's the worst that we can point to in the way of journalistic sins, it's a long way from Judy and what we saw previously.

Folks can reasonably disagree as to the degree of progress, but when I look at one cascade running maybe 20% of the time as opposed to, what, eight cascades running maybe half the time and further installation progressing at a goodly clip, I tend to evaluate the progress as significant. I can see why Paul Kerr assesses that they haven't achieved much in the way of a technical breakthrough, but in a political context (and as I've said that's what the Iranian language around "industrial scale" vs. "research/experimental" seems to me to be all about) there's been a notable change.

I concur about the aluminium tubes notion - what I think is missing is a compelling popular narrative that actually tells folks what the net assessment really is. There's lots of popular narratives that push the view that kinetics are imminently necessary against the Iranians - and I don't see a lot of good competing contra narratives. In my view most of them fall into the trap of taking as a given the notion that kinetics are imminent (how many CVN rotations have we seen billed as "the one" that's going to be the one that attacks Iran?) - I don't think I've seen nearly as much in the popular domain that really takes apart that notion at its root and lays out the case in detail as to why kinetics are a really bad idea and not yet necessary, even if they were viable in the first place.

"Political Islam is a dream or a nightmare, but not a sociological reality." - Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah

JustPlainDave May 23, 2007 - 2:51pm

His conclusions, at a minimum.

hvd May 23, 2007 - 12:35pm

from Dingli Shen, writing in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists:

Settling the Iranian nuclear issue
By Dingli Shen | 22 May 2007

Today, the world worries about two potential nuclear proliferators: North Korea and Iran. North Korea declared that it conducted a nuclear test late last year, but its claims remain unconvincing. Meanwhile, Iran says that it does not intend to develop nuclear weapons. Nonetheless, many believe that Tehran's nuclear development is suspicious.
Iran belongs to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non-nuclear weapon state, which prohibits Tehran from developing nuclear weapons while it's a signatory to the treaty. Accordingly, Iran must report any significant nuclear activities to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). By honoring this obligation, Iran's nuclear record remains clean, and it can continue its pursuit of nuclear power.
However, the IAEA has concluded that Iran has not reported its past nuclear activities in a full and timely manner and wants Tehran to explain the inconsistencies in its nuclear reporting. But Iran has been largely uncooperative. The IAEA subsequently referred Tehran to the U.N. Security Council. Last December, the Security Council passed Resolution 1737, which demanded that Iran "suspend proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities, including all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities and work on all heavy water-related projects" without delay.
...
Instead, Tehran has begun operating its first batch of centrifuges and started to enrich uranium. At a low enrichment level, Iran's action may not pose a serious threat. But once the uranium isotope 235 is enriched to more than 5 percent, Iran's physical distance to weapon-grade fissile material will decrease greatly. As the world learned when Pakistan crossed the nuclear threshold, when 3,000 centrifuges are operating correctly, a nuclear weapons capability is only a few years away. This presents the United States and Israel with a choice: Accept a nuclear Iran or destroy Tehran's nuclear capability before it can pose a threat.
At issue are Iran's true nuclear intentions. Is Tehran pursuing a civilian nuclear program or a nuclear weapons program under the cover of a peaceful power program? The IAEA has rendered a very cautious judgment: There is not evidence to prove or disprove that Iran is seeking nuclear weapons.
Given this, Iran insists that it's well within its rights to pursue a civilian nuclear program that includes uranium enrichment. And without solid proof of nuclear weapons development and the belief that Iran is still safely removed from a weapon-grade fissile material capability, the Western countries have not initiated a military strike. But patience can run thin. Before long, the international community needs to find a settlement acceptable to all parties.
...
The world is complicated and unfair. While Iran is not allowed nuclear weapons, the United States hopes to refurbish its nuclear arsenal with the so-called reliable replacement warhead. While the IAEA monitors Tehran's commitment to the NPT, North Korea simply quits the treaty to conduct a nuclear test. And while the United States harshly rebuked North Korea before Pyongyang's nuclear test, Washington moderated its stance after North Korea's test.
But Iran may not be as lucky as North Korea. Although Tehran could inflict substantial damage upon the United States during a military conflict, Iran is still more likely to fail, at least in the short run, making it essential that Iran not miscalculate in a dangerous bet.

http://www.thebulletin.org/columns/dingli-shen/20070522.html

Of course, the Iranians could just walk away from the NPT, after giving 6 months notice, but they would be obliterated after 6 days! No, the world isn't fair, and the continued nuclearisation of Pakistan's and India's strategic weaponry, the North Koreans playing cat-and-mouse, and the ca. 50+ year oligopoly of the WWII powers of nuclear weapons grates strongly upon Tehran. Cant, hypocrisy and double-standards have been the mainstays of the West's objections to Iran's uranium enrichment program, though rational minds concede that even Iran will eventually suffer a decline in crude oil extraction, and that alternative sources of power will be needed. Dual-use technology is virtually inseparable from "nuclear weapon potential", the question will always remain: which nation has the "right" (and bequeathed by whom?) to reserve to itself the inherent ability to produce HEU for weapons use, as dictated by its own "national security" requirements? Israel the sole Middle East nuclear power? Why? The issue clearly is not simply "nonproliferation", as several nations have acquired nuclear weapons in the past twenty years without much in the way of restraint from the West. This question has become so fraught with politics that no country or international organisation can claim the high moral ground, and designated "bad guys" such as Iran will always have the burden of proof thrust upon them, while others - sanctioned formally or informally - can get away with it.



“les Etats-unis, c’est le seul pays à être passé de la préhistoire à la décadence sans jamais connaitre la civilisation…”...Georges Clemenceau

barrisj redux May 23, 2007 - 2:48pm

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