There’s a social theory which claims that in recessions all hell breaks loose – meaning social disorder spreads and previous sectors of stability and growth lose traction. Political partisanship, ethnic divisions, criminal enterprise, and religious strife can be exacerbated in a recession, and since we are in a doozey of a recession we should expect all manner of rancor and discord. It’s always hard to prove theories like this, and so you fall back on anecdotal evidence, which lately hasn’t been hard to find. When it comes to religion in particular, the evidence is mounting: God no longer works in mysterious ways, because He seems to have stopped working altogether. He’s abandoning his sheep, and especially some well-placed shepherds, who have lost their ability to navigate the world. Let’s look at some case studies.
Shoah enough! Pope Benedict sets back Jewish-Catholic relations 25 years
The Catholic church, and especially the Roman curia of cardinals and bishops who manage the church’s day to day affairs, suffered an unexpected breakdown this week with the botched refrocking of an anti-Semitic bishop. Benedict XVI says he was just trying to heal a schism in what he must have viewed as an internal church matter. A group called the Priestly Fraternity of St. Pius X, which was formed by a Swiss prelate Archbishop Lefebvre in opposition to Vatican II reforms, had been ejected from the church years ago by Pope John Paul II when Archbishop Lefebvre ordained four bishops against Rome’s orders. The Archbishop and all four of the bishops had been excommunicated, and this past week Benedict XVI annulled the excommunication, though without formally reinstating the four as bishops (Lefebvre had died several years ago and was therefore not part of this “deal”).
Unbeknownst to the Roman curia, on the day Benedict’s actions were announced, one of the bishops, Richard Williamson, was giving an extraordinary interview on Swedish television. He claimed the Holocaust was a fiction, that at most 300,000 Jews died at the hands of the Nazis, and not one of them in a gas chamber. These sort of beliefs have an unofficial name of Holocaust Denial, and they always evoke opprobrium and disgust when voiced. In Germany they are illegal and punishable under the civil code, and of course Benedict XVI is a German pope who is well aware of the danger of such sentiments.
What went wrong here? On the surface, it looks like a slip-up in the curia. Someone didn’t know this interview was about to air at the very worst time for the Vatican. Certainly somebody’s head will roll, or whatever it is that happens to a cardinal who mismanages an official pronouncement on this scale. But this surface picture isn’t the real story.
The real political tone-deafness, and the source of problems for the Vatican, is Benedict himself. He apparently spoke to only a few trusted cardinals about this proposed action, and there were plenty of princes of the church who could have warned him off this action had they known about it in advance. Of course, the difference between could and would in the Catholic church is a mile deep; the papacy has become so powerful that no major prelate has criticized this or the previous pope publicly. But if their advice had only been offered in private, it surely would have reminded the pope that Archbishop Williamson has a long history of anti-Semitic statements. He believes in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, he asserts that Jews want to dominate the world, he subscribes to conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and claims that the Vatican is under the influence of Satan. Moreover, the entire order of St. Pius X is rife with anti-Semitism.
The pope knew all this because he was a defender of the St. Pius X sect for years under Pope John Paul II, trying insistently to have them brought back into the faith. He somehow sees their 150,000 members (probably an exaggerated number) as an important bloc of Catholics that could challenge the Vatican if left outside the fold. It must have seemed to him that a potential, if remote, challenge to the prerogatives and power of the papacy could not be tolerated, even if it meant doing a little damage to Jewish-Catholic relations.
He probably did not count on how severe the damage would be. Besides the public uproar in the press, several Jewish organizations that had been working on ecumenical dialogue with the Catholic church cancelled these efforts. Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany criticized the pope precisely on the grounds that such language as Benedict has now countenanced from Richard Williamson is criminal in Germany.
This whole episode has wounded the pope to some degree. However adept he may have been in maneuvering through the Vatican hierarchy to get to the papacy, he has proven to be inept at managing it as pope. He has none of his predecessor’s skill at global politics or image management. He is governing a church that has become the religious equivalent of the Republican Party, an organization whose policies and moral positions are in conflict with its own actions, an organization which embraces hypocrisy without seemingly recognizing when it is doing so, and an organization whose base is shrinking into a set of highly conservative true believers who offer nothing appealing to outsiders. It’s as if the Vicar of Christ and St. Peter’s Successor has lost the confidence of Christ Himself, and no longer can claim to represent St. Peter either.
I’m heterosexual really (I just have issues)
God does seem to enjoy tormenting certain clergyman with doubts about their own sexuality, in exact proportion to their conservatism and belief that the Bible is to be taken literally and in all cases as the true word of God. The most recent poster boy for such confusion is Rev. Ted Haggard, the evangelical preacher who was caught buying some crystal meth from a male prostitute, and enjoying his personal company as well. Since his career had been made in part on demonizing homosexuality, this discovery cost him his job.
The proper thing to do in cases like this is to disappear into the woodwork, but Ted Haggard seems to have an insatiable love for the limelight and was back in the news this week. Part of this was his own doing: he has a book coming out and a documentary on his travails (filmed by of all people the daughter of Nancy Pelosi). The other part of this media interest came from a former deacon of Rev. Ted’s church, who opened up publicly about his sexual relationship with details too graphic even for cable TV.
Rev. Ted was on Larry King and other talk shows doing what all media publicists insist is the only thing to do if you have a scandal and something to sell to the public: admit your mistake (or sins in this case), apologize, and beg forgiveness. Apparently the American public are suckers for this type of self-flagellation. As part of this admission of guilt, Ted Haggard described himself as a heterosexual “with issues.”
But what if these type of scandals erupt over a religious figure who has already joined the Heavenly Choir? That person is, unfortunately, out of luck. Take the situation with Father Maciel Degollado, the founder of the Legionnaires of Christ, another one of these conservative Catholic religious orders, this one dating back to the 1940s. About ten years ago allegations from at least nine credible male witnesses arose that Fr. Maciel had abused them when they were children. John Paul II refused to do anything to Fr. Maciel, but as the evidence mounted, Benedict XVI put Maciel under a sort of house arrest, and the man died early last year. The Vatican has never formally acknowledged any wrongdoing by Maciel, and has not intervened to settle with his accusers.
This week more allegations appeared, this time asserting that Fr. Maciel would spend hours alone with women, and that he fathered a child by one of them. A spokesman for the order did not deny these claims, and said they “were recently informed, with compassion, of inappropriate behavior on Maciel's part”. Isn’t it wonderful, by the way, how religious organizations go all compassionate when one of their own is found to engage in immoral or illegal behavior (according to their own standards). The Legionnaires say that their founder engaged in “inappropriate behavior”, as if he were caught jaywalking.
Because there is no getting around these facts, the best the church can offer up is that Fr. Maciel is now at the mercy of God. There is no comment about what sort of mercy, if any, his victims and paramours are receiving. Already on the Legionnaires website members are writing in denying that these stories are true, and comparing Fr. Maciel’s “persecution” to that of Christ Himself. Not everybody in the Legionnaires is buying this argument, and nobody outside the organization is willing to defend this man anymore.
It does appear his earthly reputation is permanently trashed. But there is a glimmer of good news for the Rev. Maciel. No longer will the man be thought of as a pedophile, preying on altar boys and seminarians. The terrible stigma of being a homosexual no longer applies to Father Maciel. Instead, he has been elevated to the much better position of a heterosexual, with issues . He joins Ted Haggard as a religious leader who is “normal” – a bit narcissistic maybe, as one supporter who knew Fr. Maciel put it – but not guilty of that terrible sin of homosexuality. What a relief.
Apparently God will go on plaguing certain of his clergy with sexual doubts, and many will fail to live up to biblical standards. The lucky ones, though, will get away with only having “issues”.
Maybe if we named it the Crystal Meth Cathedral
When recession meets up with religion, religion doesn’t always win. Our final case study centers on the travails of the Rev. Robert Schuler’s televangelism empire, featuring the popular Hour of Power program, broadcast from the Crystal Cathedral, an inspiring edifice in Orange County, California. This ministry is one of the earliest examples of a megachurch that used television to expand its audience and its revenues. It seems, however, to have expanded too much, rather like its parishioners and just about every business and government in America. The Rev. Schuler has too much debt.
The church is trying to sell $65 million of property to pay down some of its debt. It claims that revenues last year fell by $5 million, which it blames on the recession. Rev. Schuler has written to a group called the Eagle Club, consisting of its largest donors, and begged for money so that the Hour of Power can remain on the air. Whether this threat is serious or even works remains to be seen, but at least Rev. Schuler has more class than Oral Roberts, who threatened to be “taken home” by his Heavenly Father if viewers did not pony up enough money to get his Oklahoma ministry out of hock.
As George Carlin said, God loves us, but He always needs money. In a recession, He gets desperate. Complicating His needs at the Crystal Cathedral is a schism between Rev. Schuler and his son, Rev. Robert Schuler Jr. It seems often to be the case with these televangelism empires that God has ordained they be passed on to the family, like a business. Oral Roberts, Pat Robertson, Robert Schuler, Sun Myung-Moon, and many others have groomed their sons to take over the pulpit, the television broadcasts, the international missions, the gift shop, the day care center, the armaments business (in the case of Rev. Moon), etc. etc.
The schism has not been described as centering on religious differences, so it is probably related to Junior’s inability to manage the empire properly (and where have we seen this problem before?). Religion is certainly not exempt from the epidemic of nepotism that befouls American society, and recession reveals the downside to monarchical and hereditary succession. In the U.S., nepotism is often about “branding”, passing along to the next generation the power of a famous name. To really get ahead in Hollywood it certainly helps to have a famous actor as a parent, just as around 25% of the U.S. Congress comes from parents or relatives who have served in high office. Televangelism is forced into this mold because it is not just selling religion, it is selling a personal brand.
This seems to be a big problem for Rev. Schuler. Once his son was booted off the television, various pastors from other megachurches have been invited to deliver the sermons. However good they are at the peculiar talent that is religious preaching in America, audiences are not buying it. Viewers are writing in to say they will not contribute any more money because they want to see a Schuler in the pulpit, not some stranger. One person asked the most pertinent question: "Why can't a father and son work together for the glory of God? That's my big question."
Why indeed. There are thousands of megachurches that have been built this decade all across the U.S. They are like gigantic shopping malls, financed with debt and the expectation that 5,000 to 15,000 parishioners would attend every week and donate generously. In this recession, that is not happening. True believers can still tithe, but 10% of a falling salary means trouble for the church. Some of these televangelism stars like Pat Robertson, who is a multi-millionaire, may even be forced to give up their private airplanes. Shades of Citigroup. Along with all the other troubles brought about in this recession, we will see the failure of hundreds of megachurches.
It is so serious that God has temporarily eschewed Glory. He has more urgent needs. He needs money, and He needs it now.
God needs Us to fix the Global Financial Crisis
One of the things all of these religious leaders have in common is that they have a direct line of communication to God. Televangelists are fond of reminding their audience that God told them to do certain things, like buying a new studio that requires the audience to give more money. Even the Catholic megastars who supposedly owe obedience to the pope – like Mother Teresa, Fr. Maciel, or Padre Pio – get around this by taking on saintly qualities, which puts them above the pope and directly in touch with Jesus.
Judging by what these religious figures are saying, God is preoccupied with earthly concerns that, of all things, are tied to the Global Financial Crisis and recession. This preoccupation prevents Him from providing the answers and comfort his stewards need when it comes to problems like recognizing the reality of the Holocaust, or dealing with a pastor’s sexual confusion, or ensuring that a ministry does not lack for the necessary funds.
That’s why it is so important that Barack Obama, Ben Bernanke, Timothy Geither, and others solve this economic crisis as soon as possible. We all need God back on the job, and this recession is preventing Him from doing His best. That’s why we shouldn’t flinch from a trillion here or a trillion there. Our government is doing the Lord’s work. This is a Spiritual Bailout of cosmic dimensions.