Epitaph for a Hyperpower


Great Powers never see their decline coming. It took Britain thirty years after its devastating losses in the First World War before it began seriously to dismantle its empire. The collapse of the United States as a Great Power will happen so much more swiftly, because its wounds are self-inflicted. Yet there is no certainty that awareness of its plight will occur any faster than it did in Britain.

Current political discussion in the United States finds absolutely no one among the pundits or politicians facing up to the awful reality confronting America. It is as if the U.S. still holds unrivaled hegemonic power across the globe, as if its military power is as puissant as it is feared, as if its economic strength towered over all other nations, and as if its moral standards can be regained and polished to their former luster.

These are illusions on every single count. America’s soldiers and marines have been stalemated by Saddam’s insurgents and their home-made IEDs, and America’s air power has shown itself to be a counter-productive force of destruction, matched in intensity and affect by car bombs and suicide bombers. Decades of wasteful domestic consumption and the dismantling of its manufacturing base have been accompanied by staggering amounts of internal and external debt. America as a beacon of personal liberty and defender of freedom is like a maiden who has lost her virginity but insists on lecturing all others about her moral superiority.

What is especially revealing is the fantasy that prevails in the U.S. that a country can commit its most catastrophic foreign policy decision, yet avoid catastrophic consequences. Even critics of the war who foresaw its vile results still insist that the U.S. must do everything it can to avoid the break-up of Iraq into a failed state that will become an even more hospitable training ground for terrorism than Afghanistan under the Taliban. Supporters of the war insist that “if we pull out of Iraq now, we will just be back there in ten years battling an even worse enemy.”

How is this battle to be joined? If the country was not ever willing to discuss enforcing conscription in the face of “World War IV” and its “greatest enemy since Hitler and Stalin”, where is it going to get the strength now or ten years from now to raise the 500,000 troops it will need at a minimum? And even if it did, how are these average Americans, steeped as they are in complete ignorance of the world outside their borders, and utterly unfamiliar with any other language or culture, going to be successful in fighting an insurgency in the Middle East? If the U.S. military is right that it takes at least ten years to overcome an insurgency, where is the plan here and now to educate tens of thousands of Americans in Arabic to prepare for living a decade or longer in a foreign culture?

Lacking such a plan, is America going to train its Rottweilers to be even more vicious? Will it alter its existing rules of torture now to allow damage to vital organs or death? Will its smart bombs be implanted with more intelligent chips? Is it ready to issue a few hundred billions of dollars of debt to replace all of its Humvees and Apache warships that have become victims of the Iraqi desert, and will Japan and China happily buy this debt in addition to all they own?

It is simply fantasy to think that the U.S. can fight any more wars like this war in Iraq. Young men and women anxious for a paid college education or a green card are not going to be fooled a second time, and Americans are not willing to give up their pampered existence by raising their taxes for the true costs of this “Long War”, much less reinstating the draft. America’s enormous investment in technological warfare has proven to be a vast wastage in the face of the real nature of war in the 21st century.

Catastrophic decisions have catastrophic consequences. The North Atlantic alliance has been shattered by the hubris of the Bush administration, and no future president can rightly be called Leader of the Free World. Europe is likely to be of only modest help if America withdraws from Iraq only to find itself trying to defend its Saudi, Jordanian, Turkish or Egyptian friends.

If $50 is the floor for a price of a barrel of oil, and $100 or more the average over the next ten years, so be it. What can the U.S. do to stabilize and revitalize the Iraqi oil industry that hasn’t been done to date? What realistic energy conservation plan is afoot in the U.S. that will provide alternative sources? How can the U.S. be taken seriously in the discussion of Global Warming if its own government is in complete denial of its possibility?

The additional half trillion dollars of debt for the Iraq war, added to its annual current account deficit of $800 billion, only hastens the day when the U.S. dollar is no longer the reserve currency of the world. When this happens - when oil is priced in Euros – the real consequences of its debts will become apparent. U.S. corporations will be relatively unaffected, since they will have long since moved their manufacturing out of the country, but ordinary Americans will feel the harm.

And which country any longer will wish to emulate the fabled American exercise in democracy? The U.S. has abandoned its historic system of checks and balances, just as quickly as Americans have abandoned their cherished freedom from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment without legal representation. In a functioning democracy there would be outrage over these travesties, demands for a war crimes trial for George Bush and his administration, and insistence that the Republican Party, which has treated the Constitution as if it were toilet paper, put itself out of existence. But this is an America which shudders in fear at the name of Bin Laden, and distracts itself with a fascination for celebrity culture.

America’s decline is as ineluctable as it is currently invisible to America itself. Its decline will happen in lurches, interrupted by moments when it appears the country is back in form. Perhaps its decline is inevitable in the face of a resurgent China. But it certainly didn’t have to happen so quickly or as the result of ill-conceived actions by George Bush, a man whose definitive biography will not be written by an historian, but by a psychiatrist.

The historians will be left to marvel at what once was, and how quickly it was lost.


Numerian July 19, 2007 - 10:00pm

Very good essay...right to the point. Sigh.

jtruett July 19, 2007 - 6:41pm

I am just wondering what blow back will find the X-hyper power once the unavoidable retreat happens? The current Iraq war seems to me a battle against blow back from a previous empire, Britain, and America's own follies in the area i.e., giving chemical weapons to Saddam and installing the Shah.

Joaquin July 19, 2007 - 6:53pm

That the US is not a hyper-power or even superpower anymore. That is why Mr Bush cannot give-in because winning the war in Iraq would some how prevent a retreat from superpower status. As if the Iraq war will determine US status is more important than what happens to Iraq.

Joaquin July 19, 2007 - 7:00pm

the harder they fall. In this case referring to the size of the egos of the leaders and how they'll affect the tumble from superpower status.

Bush certainly seems to want to ensure that not only will the fall come more rapidly than it might have, but that a significant part of the planet will be cheering as it happens.

BJ Bjornson July 19, 2007 - 7:22pm

Good piece. And I agree. From the outside it's obvious, but it's very hard to make Americans see it, and with some exceptions, the closer they are to real political power, the harder it is.

Ian Welsh July 19, 2007 - 10:26pm

What saddens me the most is that we may be the last generation of Americans to experience anything close to freedom and free speech - we may be living at the end of the golden age of our country.

Brovalight July 19, 2007 - 11:12pm

The US wasn't much of a military power before WWII and pretty much used the advantage that it gained from not being invaded to become the superpower in the intervening years. Many countries have been military powers, but sooner or later, keeping on top of the world isn't sustainable. A good thing--perhaps then we can focus on the home front.

As far as civil liberties and such, the nation has gone through various power grabs and "wartime powers" abuses. I believe it's still possible to set things right.

I do believe that the Republic is strong enough that it can weather the results of a decade of criminal abuse by those in power. If Rome could survive Caligula, we can survive Bush.

Petronius July 20, 2007 - 2:01am

I think there'll be an inflexion point, and the choice will be made.

America didn't have to get FDR in the 30's, after all. It doesn't have to this time either.

Ian Welsh July 20, 2007 - 2:03am

Enjoyed reading your essay.

America, buoyant country that it is can't be counted out just yet. Election 2008 could return it to saner policies. Cutting the military budget frees enormous resources.

The Bush administration created a sick country, but the patient doesn't need life support at this time. I expect the 'real' amount of corruption and damage won't be known until after they've left office.

It's crucial that the agenda for the incoming administration includes the ability to prioritize what needs to be done. The depth of financial resources for America to right itself are mind blowing. I.e. In place of tax cuts for the rich, tax responsibilites.

Might be kinda fun to see what other Agonists suggest that would return the United States to good health.

canuck July 20, 2007 - 4:11am

Or perhaps it is too ingrained in the economy to just fade away, and this is something the U.S. did not have to overcome prior to WWII. There now are enormous vested interests in keeping the U.S. on perpetual military alert, ramping up the fear index, testing out the latest military technology on a real field of battle, not to mention supporting millions of military salaries and pensions (and this leaves out the lobbyists earning six figures or the newest dependents - the contractors).

It's going to take tremendous political willpower to overcome all this. And whilst Rome did overcome Caligula, the Republic was long dead by then.

Numerian July 20, 2007 - 3:54am

I've long thought that the first thing that should be done in the way of lessening the grip of the corporate world is for the Supreme Court to vacate Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company. That idiot Justice Waite simply declared that the court did not want to hear arguments as to the assertion of the defendant that

The defendant Corporations are persons within the intent of the clause in section 1 of the Fourteen Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Waite simply said that the Court held that Corporations were persons entitled to protection of the fourteenth amendment, period. No argument, discussion--nothing.

Which is insane on the face of it. You can't throw a corporation into prison for flouting the law.

We could make a new start by saying that corporations exist at the pleasure of the State and have no protections except as granted by law.

Petronius July 20, 2007 - 1:56pm

When America no longer is a world power it can start to clean its own house. The sooner the better!

adrena July 20, 2007 - 4:22pm

Amen.

What needs to happen is the collapse of the economic status quo. It will fall on its own. What we need to do is prepare ourselves so that we can do what we can to prevent a descent into chaos and brutality when it happens.

Beto July 20, 2007 - 6:38pm

Wow, you wrote that? Daaaamn - you go boy!

Nominay July 20, 2007 - 1:01pm

nice piece written by Jon Galtung and so are the comments that follow it.

canuck July 21, 2007 - 2:54pm

Numerian and painfully true. Thanks!

Tina July 21, 2007 - 10:07am

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