Yet Another "Vital National Interest"


Yet another gem from Bloomberg, yes the whole thing. Ostensibly, it is an article about Sec. of the Treasury, Henry Paulson, and his efforts to shore up the financial system. There is nice description of M-LEC, the master liquidity enhancement conduit, which is supposed to create a market for securities that to this day are poorly understood and might well be worthless. Henry Paulson is there to make sure this will not be the case.

Two thirds into the article is this gem:

Paulson started preparing for market gyrations on the day he moved to Washington from Wall Street, colleagues say. ``He began working on financial preparedness from the start,'' says Robert Steel, the Treasury's undersecretary for domestic finance. ``And he decided early on that a key mechanism for doing that was the President's Working Group.''

Plunge Protection

Nicknamed the Plunge Protection Team, the group brings together officials from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Federal Reserve, Securities and Exchange Commission and Treasury Department for what have become regular meetings.

When the markets began to shudder in July, Paulson used the address book he had built up during 32 years at Goldman Sachs to seek information and advice from Wall Street's elite. Among those he called, people familiar with his handling of the crisis say, were former Treasury Secretary and Goldman alumnus Robert Rubin, now chairman of Citigroup, and Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase.

Calls to Bernanke

He was on the phone daily through August and into September with Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke and was also in frequent touch with New York Fed President Timothy Geithner, the central bank's eyes and ears on Wall Street. ``He kept reminding us that the capital markets are the lifeblood of the economy and asking market participants, 'What do you hear? What should we be doing?''' Steel says.

This excerpt needs a close read. First, you have the top financial official in the country stating that the stock market is the life blood of the economy. Maybe this seems like common sense, but it is also a most direct admission that our economy has become financialized. A financialized economy has been described as a new form of capitalism in which financial markets dominate over the traditional industrial economy. Of course, Kevin Phillips in his American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century argues that at a financialized economy is anything but new. Instead it is instead a symptom of financial decay leading economic collapse. It is what happened to the 16th century Spanish empire, to the Dutch in the 18th century, and to the British empire in the 19th century. Therefore, it is Paulson's job to do what has never done in the history of the West: the permanent establishment of a financialized global empire.

Secondly, the reference to the PWG is tacit admission that the something more than "discussions" are coming from the group. The tinfoil hat crowd has said for years that the the Plunge Protection Team has been intervening in the stock market at key times. I think that is quietly presumed by many traders these days and at least is no longer easily discounted.

Finally, I would argue that since Paulson's team is named the President's Working Group, this implies its quasi-governmental status. The group originated after the 1987 crash to supply stability to the capital markets. But it seems that it has evolved into an instrument of frequent market intervention on the upside. In these times, that implies its link to national security. In other words, the upward bias of the stock market is now seen as vital to the security of the United States. We can't afford to Mr. Bear sniffing around our markets--no anymore. That's my read. Or if we do, let it happen to the Democrat Party.

BTW, how well is the Paulson Super-Fund going? Things are not looking up. "Citigroup (C) yesterday said it will take over seven structured investment vehicles (SIVs) and assume $58 bln of debt to avoid forced sales at distressed prices." This means the Paulson M-LEC concept is already failing. Citigroup would not do this if they thought they could find investors dumb enough to buy their worthless paper.


LJ December 15, 2007 - 9:41pm
( categories: The Markets )

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Inflation is shaping up to be a serious threat to financial markets and the world economy next year and the timing couldn't be worse, money managers at the Reuters Investment 2008 Outlook Summit said.

Even as prices rise, a severe global credit squeeze has prompted major central banks to flood the banking system with more money than at any time since the September 11, 2001, attacks.

With that much money sloshing around, many fear high prices will push the world into a prolonged period of sluggish growth, with the U.S. economy in particular vulnerable to a rerun of 1970s-style stagflation.

"We're trying to deal with two polar opposite problems here," said Robert Kowit, an international bond fund manager with Federated Investors. "I would say (stagflation) is an increasing concern for most investors."

Stagflation, a combination of stagnation and inflation, describes periods of rising prices coupled with stalled growth.

In the 1970s, things got so bad that the United States had trouble finding buyers for its bonds, sparking a dollar crisis that saw asset prices fall and real interest rates spike.

Kowit said a rerun of that scenario is a top concern heading into 2008.

Inflation seen hanging over 2008 world economy

Seems like propping up the markets will in the end lead to a currency crisis as the funny money economy gets further and further disconnected from the real economy. Rising asset prices have to be based on real growth (productivity less inflation) or the asset "gains" are merely nominal rather than real. As it is, the real value of equities is already in a down trend, even though nominal values are rising.

This growing glut of funds will result in a increasing inequality between the ownership and working classes, with the size of the ownership class decreasing as wealth is transferred upward. Housing will not participate in the increase in asset values since consumers will not participate through the wage increases necessary to fund it, and investors seeking rent won't be interested in housing either unless prices decline enough to yield a positive cash flow, given that prospects for asset increase in the foreseeable future are low. On average getting to positive cash flow would require a price decline of about 50%, a horrendous deflation that would virtually wipe out the chief investment of the middle class.

In the end, there will be decreasing consumer demand that will stunt real growth. The resulting increase in unemployment along with rising prices of essentials will provoke a populist political reaction, sweeping out entrenched interests or forcing them to change their tune. American voters are extremely sensitive to the pocketbook, and it's quickly becoming, "It's the economy, stupid," again. Like his dad, W is out of touch with the voters as he and his cronies tout the good economy, while it's becoming increasingly obvious that it's only good for the cronies.

What is unsustainable doesn't go on forever, and we are approaching the level of pain for many voters. By the time the election rolls around, a lot of people are going to be twitching.

tjfxh December 16, 2007 - 1:55am

The Plunge Protection Team came into being after the 87 crash, and helped put in place things like circuit breakers to prevent another one-day meltdown. For the Treasury to be a direct buyer in the stock market, it would have accounts on Wall Street whose ownership would be almost impossible to hide. You can't just call the chairman of the bank because the size of the trades would be noticeable to the trading floor and exceed any authority the CEO would likely have for his own account.

As an analogy, trades done by the Treasury in the foreign exchange market are instantly known to the market. The Treasury uses its account (Exchange Stabilization Fund) at the Fed and the Fed NY desk coordinates the buying. Traders have no reason to receive orders from the Fed other than through the ESF, and indeed the Fed wants the market to know they are buying because it accentuates the impact.

The policy of this administration is not to intervene in FX to support the dollar, and it seems likely they would have the same policy for the stock market. What the PPT can do is talk to the exchanges about their circuit breakers and other protections. It can coordinate shut downs of the market like after 9/11. It can push for something like the super SIV. If it were really buying equities we would not have seen the panic sell-off/capitulation in August.

The principal weapon the PPT has is pushing liquidity on to Wall Street as it did after 9/11. It's been doing this to no avail, and that is what is so interesting about the current crisis. If the PPT wants to start buying equities, it will no doubt look to Japan's experience in the 1990s. The government lost billions buying stocks at higher prices, and just made the government deficit worse. There would be no free lunch for the PPT if it followed this path, especially since the market now is at a peak and stocks are very expensive.

Numerian December 16, 2007 - 6:19am

15 years ago or so there was some discussion of the Fed or Treasury intervening through the stock index futures contracts in Chicago. This action, which nicely leveraged the money the govs used, would trigger -- and was designed to trigger -- program trading in the stock markets themselves. If I recall correctly, there were highly credible reports that the money was coming from a "stabilization fund" Treasury had originally established to deal with one of the IMF crises (as I call them) such as Mexico or Argentina; I forget which.

And if I may take off my tin-foil hat for a minute: if the U.S. government can covertly deploy and fund Special Ops forces on the other side of the globe, I don't see how it's impossible for the U.S. government to intervene in the markets covertly.

Also, you have to consider the "old boys" network. Remember how Wall Street was the CIA, and the CIA was Wall Street? That raises the question of Paulson and his little phone book of contacts. All types of "agreements" could be reached in Paulson's phone calls, and how would we ever know about them? Say Goldman Sachs agrees to intervene per Paulson's direction, spending $2 or $3 billion to do so. The payoff could be that in a year from now, say, Grumman Northrop is quietly instructed to place a new issue with Goldman Sachs.

This raises some of the issues Krugman raises in his new book,

But Krugman, as he examined the period from Gilded to Gilded, sees two arcs; one in economics and one in politics and they parallel each other. The greatest inequality of incomes in the Gilded Age was mirrored by extreme partisanship. In the 1950’s, post war America, there was the greatest income equality and the greatest bi-partisanship. His book is an examination of the "why?" of these arcs. It is an ode to The New Deal and its reforms.

To his credit, Krugman said that he believed the story that:

"technological changes and globalization caused America’s income distribution to become increasingly unequal, with an elite minority pulling away from the rest of the population. The Republican Party chose to cater to the interests of that rising elite... And so a gap opened between the parties, with the Republicans becoming the part of the winners...the Democrats represented those left behind."

But in his research he became more and more convinced that the arrow pointed in the other direction; not from economic inequality causing a growing political rift, but a radical political shift caused the economic inequality. This idea is heresy to traditional economists who believe that the invisible hand of the market mattered most in how income is distributed.

And more and more economists are starting to take another look at the shenanigans of the political right and neo-liberal crookedness disguised as theory. Krugman posits:

"Forces of technological change and globalization...affect everyone. If the rise in inequality has political roots, the United States should stand out; if it’s mainly due to impersonal market forces, trends in inequality should have been similar across the advanced world. And the fact is that the increase in U.S. inequality has no counterpart anywhere else in the advanced world.

Political change seems to be at the heart of the story. How did that political change happen?"


http://www.dailykos.com/story/2007/12/16/95439/311/287/420769

Tony Wikrent December 16, 2007 - 1:02pm

As Dan Briody recounts in his book The Halliburton Agenda, Cheney was on a fishing trip in New Brunswick, Canada, with a group of high-powered corporate CEOs. “The men were discussing the ongoing search for a CEO at Halliburton,” Briody reports. “Cheney was asleep back at the lodge and, in his absence, the men decided that Cheney would be the man for the job, despite the fact that he had never worked in the oil business.”

The Curse of Dick Cheney: The veep’s career has been marred by one disaster after another

And so it goes.

tjfxh December 16, 2007 - 4:18pm

My claim that the Working Group is intervening directly in the markets clearly comes from outside the quoted Bloomberg article. I have not yet located one of sources. It came from a Canadian firm, which concluded that there was indeed frequent intervention. (I think this came out in 2006 or 2007.) But for me the clincher was from a person whose opinion I have followed for years. I blogged about Todd Harrison. If it is good enough for him, it's good enough for me. Please note that he shared your skepticism and has adopted the intervention hypothesis only after years of thought and quiet conversations with colleagues. I sent him an email about it. He says he doesn't know how they are doing it, but that he is now convinced that it is being done in some way. Tony Wikrent's post is probably more like what is going on--some kind of "arrangement" in which there is coordinated trading of index futures by some hedge funds at key times. Nice work if you can get it.

If it were really buying equities we would not have seen the panic sell-off/capitulation in August.

I would have to disagree. Intervening in the markets does not presume that they are painting the tape full time. But I could even imagine some very bright people contributing to a huge sell-off knowing that, for example, a "dramatic announcement" will be coming from Bernanke late in the day. Sell 'em in the morning and buy 'em in the afternoon.

I wrote this article to provide what I think is a plausible context around what I believe is going on in markets. I want to suggest how far fear is causing our elected and un-elected leaders to attempt to turn our democracy into The Truman Show.

Numerian, I guess I am suggesting that you turn your skepticism in the other direction. Things seem to work out just a little to neatly. Gosh darn if that 'ol market rallied in the last hour again.

This scheme can't work forever because liquidity is no substitute for solvency.

LJ December 17, 2007 - 12:10am

Good job, LJ.

Can the United States (further) manipulate economic statistics to make an ominous situation appear serious but managable?

And despite the outrageous conduct of the present Administration, does the rest of the World still need us as much or more than we need them?? Please, please, I am not trying to be arrogant, I'm ashamed of America and its moronic and cruel conduct. But, looking at China, Russia, Saudi Arabia - they'll all kleptocracies! The Saudi Royal Family are practically wards of the US. Germany, ever atoning, has its hands full propping up the E.U. When all is said & done, will they grumble but continue to absorb the Weimar/US Greenback?

jbaspen December 16, 2007 - 4:52pm

See my comments in Stirling Newberry's diary earlier yesterday.
http://agonist.org/stirling_newberry/20071214/dancing_on_a_volcano

Tony Wikrent December 16, 2007 - 5:38pm

Without the repatriation of offshore dollars to support its debt appetite (or maybe addiction), the US would likely be unable to sustain the status quo for long. The US elite apparently thinks that it has the best of both worlds in that it can financialize its economy without real risk because China and the Arabs hold too many greenbacks to let the dollar crash or the US financial system seriously falter, let alone fail. The US financial geniuses are patting themselves on the back for this clever maneuver while China and the Arabian oil barons exact their toll in rent as US debts pile up. And increasingly often the US elite have to let go of another choice piece to maintain stability, like a chunk of Citi to Dubai. If I had school kids growing up now, I'd be encouraging them to learn Chinese and Arabic to be able to curry favor with their new masters.

tjfxh December 16, 2007 - 6:18pm

numbers are being faked, but I will call your attention to a recent post of mine. It consists of notes taken of a speech by Lawrence Lindsay, for Bush economic adviser.

In answer to a question from the audience about the obviously bogus Consumer Price Index numbers, Lindsey said that it was a government statistic and that, speaking as a businessman himself, anyone in business should definitely not rely on it.

Anyone in business should not rely on it? Who should? Oh, I know. You and me. What's happened to the price of milk, of anything? There's no inflation? Anyway, I hope they aren't doing it, but who knows?

It has been a big subject here at the Agonist, but I hear a lot about the end of the American empire. It is going to be a huge shock when we are challenged to realize how dependent we are. Demagogues will be a dime a dozen.

LJ December 17, 2007 - 12:21am

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