The Missing American Middle


On Friday I met with an acquaintance who is a prominent business blogger. We had lunch, and we chatted about blogging and the internet in general, and how it has changed both of our lives. At one point he asked me "is there a middle in the political blogosphere?" I averred that while there was one, it was pretty darn small. He then went on to ask if the lack of a middle meant that two solitudes; two echo chambers, had come into play. Did I even read the right wing blogs (answer: not much.) The question, of course, implicitly suggests that compromise, a middle - a connsensus is good and that extremes are bad.

It's a common question, and here's how I answered it.

I don't have anything to say to people who think that torture is acceptable.

I don't even have anything to say, beyond heaping moral opprobrium, on those who want to "debate" whether or not torture is acceptable. I don't have anything to say, nor am I interested in talking to people who believe in "free speech zones". I don't have anything to say to people who think it's acceptable to abrogate the fourth amendment by allowing the government to spy on citizens without a warrant from a judge based on probable cause and listing specifically what they're looking for. I don't have any time for people who want to argue that invading another country that didn't threaten the US, and selling that invasion based on lies was acceptable. These people aren't "misguided", they are evil. There is no point of connection. There is no middle where we can meet and discuss because everything they stand for, I abhor (and I daresay the reverse is true). They are authoritarians who want to see their government kill, maim and torture in their name. They want to destroy the parts of the US constitution they disagree with. They are fundamentally against the tenets of western civilization that have grown up, not just over the last 50 years, the last hundred years, but pretty much the last thousand years. It's not just that they want to end the seperation of church and state, or limit free speech - they want to end habeas corpus, a right that in various forms goes back about a thousand years.

There's nothing to say such people. There is no point where you can debate. To even debate something like "should we torture" is amazing to me - how have we come to have this conversation? How is it that the side arguing for torture isn't consigned to the "too crazy to even listen to" camp? Why are we arguing about whether Habeas Corpus should be reinstated?

The only reason one reads such moral cripples is the same reason intelligence officers in World War II would read Axis propaganda - so you know what they're up to, and what they're trying to sell to the part of the population that has become addicted to the poison swill they market as "patriotism" and "strenght". Their vision of America is of a land without any liberty except the right to carry an assault rifle and salute the Leader.

So no, there isn't a lot of room in the middle any more, because you don't compromise with evil, and these people are the cheerleaders for torture, for the gutting of civil liberties and for unjustified, unprovoked, war. Nor is this something that is limited to the blogosphere - polls show that the "middle" in American life is disappearing. And, in fact, what is happening is that independents and Democrats are moving away from the right wing. The undecideds are deciding - and having seen what the right really wants, what it really believes in - they're disgusted.

The mushy middle is evaporating, and good riddance to it. You can have, as the major Republican candidates want--less civil liberties, an enlarged Guantanamo, an endless war and a lousy economy, or you can stand up and say that this isn't a vision of a world any decent human being could ever get behind. You can say "fear doesn't work on me. I won't give up my country, my constitution, my rights, for the illusion of safety. I stand with Benjamin Franklin and with Franklin Roosevelt in knowing that the American Republic can only be kept if we don't give in to fear."

Some periods in history don't allow the moral luxury of standing aside. This is one of them. Stand for something, or know that in the great struggle for America's soul you were a bystander.


Ian Welsh September 24, 2007 - 11:00am

Sadly, there is a mushy middle that it doesn't voice its views other than in polls and the ballot box. Nor is it interested in educating itself regarding the pressing issues of the day, let alone following the day to day of politics. It's those people that the right wing plays to by sowing FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) and outright lies, as well as playing to their greed by promising to lower their tax burden by eliminating "fraud, waste and abuse," code words for racism.

While the mushy middle agrees intellectually with the left on perhaps the majority of issues, when push comes to shove they vote their perceived (manipulated) fears and greed over their true self-interest and, most importantly, their principles. It's hard to engage these people because most of them aren't political animals. They're too keeping up and entertaining themselves to stay up on affairs, let alone to get involved. They feed on headlines and soundbites, and the talk shows that pass as infotainment. Moreover, the media has abrogated its responsibility to inform, focusing instead on the process (like Edward's haircut) rather than the issues.

The mushy middle is also strongly influenced by cultural perceptions, and they are often "pluralistically ignorant" in the sense of mistaking the loudest voices for the prevailing cultural viewpoint. The right wing Machiavellian spinmeisters have figured this out and are playing it very effectively in the vast suburbs and ex-urbs of the US.

The left has not yet found a way to reach the mushy middle effectively and is depending on reality to catch up with perceptions to correct them. The problem with this is that the right still has enormous power to shape events, and no one should put false flag operations beyond them should they perceive the need. The right is also very good at blaming untoward events on the left and they have access to the megaphone that reaches the mushy middle.

Until this changes and the left begins to reach them with a new vision for America, the US is in deep trouble. A Dem win in the next election is no foregone conclusion and is very much questionable. After all, the right was able to steal the last two presidentials. Their thumping loss in '06 woke them up, and they will be playing very hard ball in '08.

Moreover, the GOP spinmeisters have successfully moved the Overton window far to the right. So far, the response of the left is to predominantly back centrists, and true progressives other than Edwards are not in the first tier. Hillary is front runner. Greenspan called Bill one of the best recent Republican presidents. and Hillary is likely to govern in his mold if elected. The media is sucking all his air out of Kucinich. He is lucky if he gets any air time at all.

While it is easy to balme the mushy middle and the nefarious right, Dems should be looking at this as both a strategy and communications problem. The Dems do not have ain inspiring vision, a simple statement of goals and a clear plan for achieving it by governing from the left. Moreover, they are not successfully communicating with either their own base, the progressive left, or the mushy middle that is ruled by fear and greed when it stirs from its natural political apathy.

tjfxh September 24, 2007 - 12:12pm

Wow, I've never heard the words "opprobrium" and "abrogate" before. I was too undisciplined to go on to college and apparently even the private, exclusive, expensive schools I went to sucked.
Okay Ian, here is the one thing you're missing out on, and it's only because you don't live in America everyday like I do. A lot of people aren't just gravitating to the liberal side or to neocons at all costs. There is a big 3rd group out there - not all people in the mushy middle, but all wildly uninformed. That is why their vote is still either up for grabs, why they don't vote at all, or why they continue to vote Republican - "because my family always has". But in conversation w/ them I can tell you it is disgusting how little they know, whether they have any leaning towards the right or left (like women who assume they'll vote for Hillary based solely on her celebrity status as an acclaimed woman).
Which brings me to an old Native American tale of "Jumping Mouse". It begins with "Once there was a mouse. He was a busy mouse, searching everywhere, touching his whiskers to the grass, and looking. And like all other mice, he couldn't see very far. Nor was he able to see very clearly. But once in a while he would hear an odd sound. He would lift his head, squinting hard to see, his whiskers wiggling in the air, and he would wonder. One day he scurried up to a fellow mouse and asked him, 'Do you hear a roaring in your ears, my brother?'" 'No, no' answered the other mouse, not lifting his busy nose from the ground. 'I hear nothing. I am busy now. Talk to me later.' He asked another mouse the same question and the mouse looked at him strangely. 'Are you foolish in your head? What sound?' he asked as he slipped into a hole in a Cottonwood tree. The little mouse shrugged his whiskers and busied himself again, determined to forget the whole matter."
This is where a lot of people in this country are at. They have the mouse's view, only aware of what's at the tips of their whiskers. To question anything more is to be told to fall back in line. And why not? Their immediate personal lives - as far as they are concerned - seem largely if not completely unaffected by the Bush administration, so how bad can he be? This is one advantage an incumbent party has, the comfort of familiarty when personal leisure is untested.

Nominay September 24, 2007 - 12:25pm

still a lot of uninformed "undecideds" out there. Fewer then there used to be... but they are still painfully oblivious to things. I recently got to overhear a conversation where one person didn't know what Guantanamo was, the other said "it's that place in Cuba where they're keeping the Iraqis," and the first one replied "I didn't know Cuba was attached to Florida." Adults, mind you. No known mental conditions.

Or another friend of mine asking me why I was so concerned about what was happening in Iraq: "It doesn't effect you, so why do you care?"

That being said, I'll reiterate that the middle is definitely shrinking. And most people in that middle are starting to understand that some change is necessary--see my comments on one of Numerian's recent posts concerning social pressure and people acting out in their daily lives. The big problem is that they're still undecided and they aren't really taking steps to inform themselves. We're heading to a point where the masses of people in the US will want change--desperately in many cases--but won't know what changes to make, who is responsible for their problems, or who can fix things.

Of the viable choices during the last crisis period, the US chose the better--FDR and the New Deal, even with its flaws, was good. I'm really worried about what we're going to choose now, especially given the level of the national debate that Ian has outlined in his post here...

Bolo September 24, 2007 - 9:33pm

...one definitely has a "mental condition" - it just isn't one that figures prominently in DSM IV.

"Ambiguously loose statements on the one hand, and euphemisms that link terrorism and fascism to Islam on the other, have created confusion and resentment on all sides." ~ Fariborz Mokhtari

JustPlainDave September 24, 2007 - 9:43pm

HDTV is the new opiate of the masses.

I think most people just want to be left alone and not think about all this politics and stuff.

I read a lot of different kinds of blogs, tried occasionally to read those who defined themselves as in the middle politically. But I turned to the progressive bloggers to find accurate information, not opinions.

Anyone can have an opinion. I find the progressive bloggers also have the facts. And I appreciate that.

My own political views are progressive/libertarian. I don't consider the right wingers or the Randians to be libertarians though. Selfishness is not a value of a real libertarian.

The right wing is insane and selfish. Definitely not where I want to be. So, I stick with the progressives.

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

Charles Darwin

darwin September 24, 2007 - 1:31pm

Ian, that was brilliant. And it broke my heart. And I cannot listen to the right wing "patriots" anymore, I cannot read them. I cannot talk with them about their views. You've perfectly put into words what I have been feeling and, while it leaves me even more hopeless than before, I thank you for it.

lynette September 24, 2007 - 2:33pm

I think fault can be found with anyone, if that's your goal. The great Roosevelt tried to control the Supreme Court by increasing the number of justices. He was shot down, but that was a blatant attempt at abusing the system. He tried to limit the most a person could earn to $100,000. That was shot down as well. But when you weigh the whole of his contributions, he was the right man at the right time. He just needed republicans to balance him out some.
As far as torture goes, obviously it's inhumane and in many cases evil. But so is war itself. People act like the US just started in with torture in this IRAQ war. During Vietnam, our soldiers weren't allowed to torture. No problem, they turned the prisoners over to the ROK Marines. They did terrible things to the Viet Cong. Same in WWII. The great generation performed their share of torture. I bet every war we ever were in included torture. I don't have the time to research it to be sure, but I bet they did.
None of what I am saying makes torture the right thing to do. But it a part of war and as long as men war with each other we are going to have it.
Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus. He felt it necessary during time of war to do it. He threatened Horace Greely when he felt Greeley had stepped over the line with his editorial criticisms.
I think Ian whines too much about how bad we are in America. I get tired of it sometimes. I read Ian and the Agonist to stay up to speed on what the left has to say about the issues. The arrogance of the left shows itself clearly when one says "There's nothing to say such people".

allieboy September 24, 2007 - 3:07pm

I guess "the arrogance of the left" in your remark, applies to all under that umbrella:-) using the same confrontational rhetoric you
disdain in Ian's writing.

I don't think everyone on the left has the same style of argument, but why should we?

So, forget about generalizations, how would you approach someone who started off saying- "I believe torture is acceptable in emergencies for finding out information from known terrorists in order to save American lives?" That is the way the torture argument presents itself
that needs the most careful thinking, not the generalized "torture is
acceptable" you are opposed to.


1."George Washington did not cross the Delaware for Capitalism," -Shmuley Boteach.
2.The Dems haven't punished the GOP enough, so you're going to reward the Republicans?

nymole September 25, 2007 - 10:35am

Think of it as a moral tech support line, now that conscience and vision are being outsourced.


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch September 25, 2007 - 10:54am

If I'm not mistaken, a great consensus middle ruled for a very brief time in American politics. Roosevelt was widely loved, but he was also intensely hated. After WWII, there was sufficient elite fear of the communists' appeal both domestically and to countries emerging from colonialism to create a consensus that it was better and/or safer to let the average person share in social wealth. Rising wages = good thing. Many posts on this blog have analyzed the growing problems that became evident in the late '70s. The collapse of the Soviet Union and what everyone agreed to call "communism" in the '80s removed the elite fear of impoverishing the average persons. Now, flat/declining wages = good thing (labor costs held in check). So the "missing middle" is a reaction to the '45 - '72 apparent consensus, not to the disagreements and frequently even violence of much of American politics.

That said, there are some reasons why low-involvement citizens look for a "middle". We are social animals, and all other things being equal, we like being normal, i.e., in the middle, non-conformist self-images notwithstanding. And if we're in the middle, then there must be arguments to each side, so low-information people can feel they can't be very wrong.

The elites play on the desire for a "middle" to derail change. Ergo, silly watercarriers make silly calls for bipartisanship on issues that don't have a middle.

The Judgment of Solomon wasn't that he needed to find a middle between cutting the baby in half and not cutting the baby in half.

nihil obstet September 24, 2007 - 4:26pm

- eom


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch September 24, 2007 - 4:29pm

Two classes are emerging, peasants and the profanely wealth. These profanely wealthy have enough money to buy your "opinion" via media thus choosing their selectee to run interference for them.

With our "news"? Everybody is a low-information person.

Lasthorseman September 24, 2007 - 5:12pm

The Uber Wealthy vs. the rest of us. Make no mistake, this is a class war.

"There are two types of folk music:
quiet folk music and loud folk music.
I play both."

Dave Alvin

Peter C September 24, 2007 - 5:42pm

As far as torture goes, obviously it's inhumane and in many cases evil. But so is war itself. People act like the US just started in with torture in this IRAQ war. During Vietnam, our soldiers weren't allowed to torture. No problem, they turned the prisoners over to the ROK Marines. They did terrible things to the Viet Cong. Same in WWII. The great generation performed their share of torture. I bet every war we ever were in included torture. I don't have the time to research it to be sure, but I bet they did.
None of what I am saying makes torture the right thing to do. But it a part of war and as long as men war with each other we are going to have it.

In previous conflicts, torture (and other bad things) may have taken place but such things have never been condoned by the chain of command or the civilian government, let alone promoted as a policy and defended publicly by specious legal reasoning of a president's legal team, the AG, and DOJ. This is not only a new low for the government, military, and inteligence services, but also for the American people, whose thundering silence as a people is consent in the eyes of the rest of the world.

The right is attempting to force American policy through hard power, eschewing soft power. This is undermining the foundation of American soft power, the foundation of which is the ideas and ideals of America founders. Without the idea and ideal of American liberal democracy, based on respect for human rights, equal opportunity, fair play, and the rule of law, the world descends the jungle of realpolitik, where everything goes and the end justifies the means. This is the morass into which the right is guiding America, based on fear and fear of fear. The authoritarian Big Daddy government promises to take care of the boogey men, if we are only willing to sign over our rights as human beings to them.

tjfxh September 24, 2007 - 5:58pm

I would not even torture Nazi SS officers so of course I would not torture ordinary German soldiers. And not just because it doesn't work and the information gained is untrustworthy, but because a war worth fighting is a war to defend liberty and justice for all. Every time you use authoritarian tactics you are losing the war against that enemy.

The loss of Habeas was only one of the injustices inflicted on both the north and south in the U.S. civil war. They all are black marks on Lincoln's reputation.

I had never heard that FDR wanted to limit income to 100,000. If that isn't some authoritarian fantasy then I have additional respect for him.

"American soft power" sounds like authoritarianism with a human face. Sorry that's how the phrase strikes me.

I am responding to the quote as well as your comment, I know.

Jeff Wegerson September 24, 2007 - 7:28pm

with (typically) economic incentives to cooperate, and economic disincentives otherwise.


"Vanity, Vanity, all is Vanity."

Raja September 24, 2007 - 7:33pm

this is what makes people like me a lil crazy seeming. every fucking day, i'm forced to accept the notion that "why kind of torture is best?" is a valid question. from black youth in the jena 6, to gay victims like matthew sheppard, and abortion bombers (who just happen to be after me and my beatmate, fo shizzle and possibly at the risk of my life, right now) who think the klan and various dominionists should be in charge- this is reality for me, for many like me. oh, and the good news: the cops? on the other side. they hate me too. let me tell you a little story about the taser and the hidden needle between the arresting officer's fingers...

brilliant post ian. don't mean to be all holier than, but i just wanted to inject a little righteous perspective. fuck yeah, you don't have any rights and you're forced to accept absurdity as "government." welcome to my world, bitches.

chicago dyke September 24, 2007 - 7:34pm

not at you. we'll have to meet someday. do you eat meat?

dk September 24, 2007 - 7:44pm

Just so this ass kissing doesn't get too cozy:

The Center Holds

By DAVID BROOKS
In the beginning of August, liberal bloggers met at the YearlyKos convention while centrist Democrats met at the Democratic Leadership Council’s National Conversation. Almost every Democratic presidential candidate attended YearlyKos, and none visited the D.L.C.

At the time, that seemed a sign that the left was gaining the upper hand in its perpetual struggle with the center over the soul of the Democratic Party. But now it’s clear that was only cosmetic.

Now it’s evident that if you want to understand the future of the Democratic Party you can learn almost nothing from the bloggers, billionaires and activists on the left who make up the “netroots.” You can learn most of what you need to know by paying attention to two different groups — high school educated women in the Midwest, and the old Clinton establishment in Washington.

In the first place, the netroots candidates are losing. In the various polls on the Daily Kos Web site, John Edwards, Barack Obama and even Al Gore crush Hillary Clinton, who limps in with 2 percent to 10 percent of the vote.

Moguls like David Geffen have fled for Obama. But the party as a whole is going the other way. Hillary Clinton has established a commanding lead.

Second, Clinton is drawing her support from the other demographic end of the party. As the journalist Ron Brownstein and others have noted, Democratic primary contests follow a general pattern. There are a few candidates who represent the affluent, educated intelligentsia (Eugene McCarthy, Bill Bradley) and they usually end up getting beaten by the candidate of the less educated, lower middle class.

That’s what’s happening again. Obama and Edwards get most of their support from the educated, affluent liberals. According to Gallup polls, Obama garners 33 percent support from Democratic college graduates, 28 percent from those with some college and only 19 percent with a high school degree or less. Hillary Clinton’s core support, on the other hand, comes from those with less education and less income — more Harry Truman than Howard Dean.

Third, Clinton has established this lead by repudiating the netroots theory of politics. As the journalist Matt Bai makes clear in his superb book, “The Argument,” the netroots emerged in part in rebellion against Clintonian politics. They wanted bold colors and slashing attacks. They didn’t want their politicians catering to what Markos Moulitsas Zúniga of the Daily Kos calls “the mythical middle.”

But Clinton has relied on Mark Penn, the epitome of the sort of consultant the netroots reject, and Penn’s approach has been entirely vindicated by the results so far.

In a series of D.L.C. memos with titles like “The Decisive Center,” Penn has preached that while Republicans can win by appealing only to conservatives, Democrats must appeal to centrists as well as liberals. In his new book, “Microtrends,” he casts a caustic eye on the elites and mega-donors of both parties who are out of touch with average voter concerns.

Fourth, the netroots are losing the policy battles. As Matt Bai’s reporting also suggests, the netroots have not been able to turn their passion and animus into a positive policy agenda. Democratic domestic policy is now being driven by old Clinton hands like Gene Sperling and Bruce Reed.

And while Clinton may not go out of her way to offend the MoveOn types, on her TV rounds on Sunday she made it obvious that she’s not singing their tune.

On “This Week With George Stephanopoulos,” Clinton could have vowed to vacate Iraq. Instead, she delivered hawkish mini-speeches that few Republicans would object to. She listed a series of threats and interests in the region and made it clear that she’d be willing to keep U.S. troops there to handle them.

The fact is, many Democratic politicians privately detest the netroots’ self-righteousness and bullying. They also know their party has a historic opportunity to pick up disaffected Republicans and moderates, so long as they don’t blow it by drifting into cuckoo land. They also know that a Democratic president is going to face challenges from Iran and elsewhere that are going to require hard-line, hawkish responses.

Finally, these Democrats understand their victory formula is not brain surgery. You have to be moderate on social issues, activist but not statist on domestic issues and hawkish on foreign policy. This time they’re not going to self-destructively deviate from that.

Both liberals and Republicans have an interest in exaggerating the netroots’ influence, but in reality that influence is surprisingly marginal, even among candidates for whom you’d think it would be strong.

Several weeks ago, I asked John Edwards what the YearlyKos event was like. He couldn’t remember which event I was talking about, and looked over to an aide for help.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/opinion/25brooks.htm?hp

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 25, 2007 - 1:40pm


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch September 25, 2007 - 1:57pm

GG...
The real goal of the Beltway class is to eliminate all real differences, all meaningful debate, on these central questions. The Beltway class demands bipartisan agreement on the most important issues. Along with the belief that crimes committed by the revered Beltway elite should never be investigated and especially not prosecuted, they venerate this harmony above all else.

And even when the American citizenry rebels against this bipartisan consensus -- as it plainly has done with regard to Iraq specifically and generally concerning our imperial behavior in the world -- the Beltway class, led by the likes of David Brooks, will simply take to lying, falsely claiming that "most Americans," the good pure Heartland, really do agree with them and that Democrats therefore must continue to embrace these shared Beltway pieties if they have any hope of winning. And because David Brooks and David Broder and the like rule the Beltway opinion-making world, Democrats listen and follow.

Thus, this is what we hear: The Democratic controlled Congress has reached new depths of unpopularity, but what they are doing is politically smart. Most Americans really want us to stay in Iraq. Bloggers are espousing views that most Americans hate. Views held by most Americans are the province of the "radical angry Left." Democrats can only win elections by supporting the popular President's policies, avoiding any real differences, and scorning their own base. The only hope Democrats have is to adhere to prevailing Beltway orthodoxy.

That is the only real point of what David Brooks and most of his pundit comrades say and do over and over and over. And as their assertions become more and more transparently false, they just increasingly invoke misleading and deceitful tactics in order to maintain them.

(You're on a roll, ES. :)

ww September 25, 2007 - 2:23pm

and the polls don't back up Brooks.

But Brooks has always been a moron. I remember him when he was at the Atlantic, and he was abysmal.

Ian Welsh September 25, 2007 - 5:40pm
Ian Welsh September 28, 2007 - 4:48am

Thanks David Brooks. I think I'll go commit suicide now.

Nominay September 25, 2007 - 2:46pm

Is it OK to have a mushy middle if it's spelled differently ? ...

"I will not let Britain down"


1."George Washington did not cross the Delaware for Capitalism," -Shmuley Boteach.
2.The Dems haven't punished the GOP enough, so you're going to reward the Republicans?

nymole September 25, 2007 - 11:27pm

must be part of the mushy middle: I would not say as a general rule that torture is acceptable, but I could not say unequivocally that I would never torture anyone.

And just with S&M sexuality, there is a fair amount of torture to go around in this world of ours.

So I'll drink a beer with and pretty much talk to anybody.

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 26, 2007 - 9:52am

that cheered me up, thanks

dk September 26, 2007 - 9:56am

that we could actually think we were debating whether or not torture is acceptable. We're debating whether it should be legal. It's two radically different levels of meaning.


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch September 26, 2007 - 10:33am

I did not think it was legal. Nor have I heard of any legislative proposal to make it legal.

It's obvious Gonzales and others had some controversial opinions about certain techniques. But we already know about that. And I don't plan a future talking to Alberto.

So if Ian wants me not to talk to Alberto, I probably won't.

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 26, 2007 - 11:13am

to mean "sanctioned", or if you prefer, "descending from a chain of command" rather than "defensible in court".

A Presidential finding or executive order would suffice inasmuch as it had the standing to "un-forbid" the behaviour, as would a "wink and a nod" understanding from the top (a verbal contract being no less legally binding than a written contract, simply more verifiable).


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch September 26, 2007 - 11:36am

Ian's point is this - there are two kinds of people - those who don't believe in torture, and those who have spun off the wheel and do. Period. And for those who are okay with it on any level at all, they are at odds with not being as bad as those countries and people we have always cried out against for human rights violations, and thus, are hypocrites.

Nominay September 26, 2007 - 2:11pm

post sometime. Everyone has to have a line, or they aren't moral human beings, they aren't even animals, they're just scum.

One of my lines is torture.

Ian Welsh September 28, 2007 - 1:04am

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