The Economic Outlook


Ok, here's my short take on the economy as it stands right now. The US is going into recession. The various numbers show that fairly clearly, especially the job figures (see this chart about the employment ratio). It may or may not make the technical definition of a recession, but it's sure going to feel like it.

Uncle Ben's decision to drop the prime by half a percent seems to have (temporarily) given the markets a boost, but it hasn't and won't do a thing for inflation in food and oil, which are going to continue to increase. Fed mumbling and hand-waving about "core inflation" is beside the point - an inflation figure which doesn't include the money people spend heating their house, feeding themselves, and driving to work is divorced from what real people experience. This winter is going to be brutally painful for a lot of people.

The derivative and debt markets are going to remain troubled, because there's a pile of bad debt out there that is overvalued (marked to model, that is to say, "theoretical" values). Until that's cleared off the books, a process that isn't going to happen in a few weeks or even months, everyone is going to be leery about lending money. The fact that the ratings agencies were asleep at the switchboard and are still refusing to admit the seriousness of their screwup means that everyone will stay twitchy, because there's no easy way (and sometimes no way at all) to tell what debt instruments are crap, and what aren't.

I agree with Agonist reader tjxfh that the Fed's easing won't mean money going where it needs to go. You can give people money, but you can't make them buy crap with it, and until there is some certainty what the floor is, no one wants to buy. (Eventually, of course, there will be a market of sorts as people bottom feed, looking for bargains. Some people will get rich, others will lose what's left of their shirt.) Likewise I agree that the money, looking for somewhere with returns and some safety is likely to move into commodities.

That will increase commodity prices (and volatility) even further. Which will move into inflation. And even if it doesn't make it into "core" inflation in a big way, it will make it into food and energy inflation.

At the same time the US has a currency problem. Overseas holders are beginning to realize that the US consumer is about to be tapped out anyway; that there's not going to be a repeat of the 90's tech boom for them to spend their money on; and, bottom line, that the billions they have, they're probably going to get cents on the dollar on. Foreign central banks are moving slowly for the door, trying to diversify out without causing a panic which will make their holdings worthless. That's going to last until someone makes a break for it, then we have potential panic selling.

Before that Bernanke's going to find himself in a squeeze. On the one hand the US economy and world markets want loose credit to ease the derivatives/housing bubble. On the other hand, the US dollar is going to be under increasing pressure, and inflation is going to keep threatening thanks to all that money going into commodities. And pressure on the dollar itself increases inflation, since the US has to buy, well, almost everything, in foreign currency. Not good. So on that basis he's going to need to raise interest rates. If he doesn't do so he will be risking a currency collapse and rampant inflation. But if he does do so, he'll drive the economy and the market into the ground. Not a nice place to be.

A lot depends, then, on Bernanke. Will he raise rates? Will he keep lowering rates? Will he freeze like a rabbit in the glare of an oncoming train.

I'm going to bet on Bernanke continuing to lower rates. And that means I'm going to bet on stagflation -- a recession with high inflation. The Senate is going to approve more stimulus (another 50 billion, which is not to be sneezed at) but I think, this time, it's not going to be enough.

If I'm wrong and it is enough, then we get zombieconomy back, but with even less vital signs than before. High inflation in goods people have to buy, dropping housing prices reducing the consumer spending since people won't be able to borrow against it, but enough stimulus to keep the economy producing enough jobs and enough growth to just barely not be a recession -- while feeling like one for a lot of people.

If Bernanke raises, well then we've got a full on recession, and a nasty one, but he can avoid having it turn into stagflation.

Even if the zombieconomy occurs, the new year, with all its ARM resets is likely to put it back on the operating table again. At this point the zombie wants to drop, and the questions are "can we put it off a little longer" and "how bad's it going to be when it does drop?" Congress wants to keep it going till after the 08 elections. Bernanke doesn't want to raise.

I don't think either of them are going to get what they want. But if they do, it'll be the wrong choice, and Americans will pay for it.


Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 12:00pm
( categories: Economics: USA )

Here is an article on Prudent Bear http://www.prudentbear.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4766&Itemid=57 arguing that the U.S. is already in recession. The table presented on the U.S. employment reports is especially revealing. The author removes the monthly adjustments produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics model which attempts to estimate the jobs that have been created but are not represented in the normal payroll survey. The model + survey reports total job growth of 700,000 since February, but merely looking at the payroll survey, there was a loss of 360,000 jobs instead. There is therefore a lot riding on whether this model is correct.

Maybe the government knows what it is doing in all this econometric modeling. But we've just learned that Wall Street and the rating agencies have been operating with flawed models, so I don't have great confidence in the BLS model. Unfortunately, this suggests that the most significant economic release every month may be terribly flawed and overstating job growth.

The recession may be upon us but not yet visible to the government.

Numerian September 19, 2007 - 12:43pm

I wouldn't be surprised at all that the recession is already here. And while all economic stats have assumptions built into how they're gathered and calculated, I like to keep the modeling to a minimum in the stats themselves.

Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 1:18pm

It is a fact that oil production has declined by 1.1 million barrels between 2006 and 2007, from 85.5 million barrels in 2006 to 84.5 million barrels in 2007.That is a decline of -1.2%. Of late growth has been able to run at one to two points above oil production growth, through efficiency and the development of other sources of energy. But with an outright decline in oil production adding one or two points puts you near or in recession year after year.

Once the decline begins it typically accelerates. We are moving into an amazing headwind and lowering rates will not eliminate the reality of peak everything.

That the financial community will try to maintain growth with ever lower rates is a pretty good bet, but if the weakness is based upon fundamentals associated with energy production it cannot have its effect. The result would certainly be stagflation as you state. What we will have is what we feared in the 1970's, only this time it is real.

Peak Oil.

Scotjen61 September 19, 2007 - 12:55pm

to me why all the optimisim over the half-percent cut by the Fed?

True, it has the ability to inject some much-needed cash into the economy, but at a high price--inflation. I recall well how the economy went into the dumps during the late 70s when double-digit inflation reigned supreme.

Yes, the holders of subprime mortgages who found that shoddy lending practices weren't a good way to make money long-term got hammered, but massive inflation will hurt more--think about the holders of 5% 30-year fixed-rate mortgages who are watching their return shrink into negative territory.

What am I missing here? A federal band-aid over a festering sore still seems to me like a festering sore.

Petronius September 19, 2007 - 1:06pm

Even the Fed said in their press statement that inflationary pressures are sufficiently subdued.

The problem is that the Fed only seems to look at core inflation, which has been running in the 2-3% range. Real inflation that normal people experience isn't interesting to economists.

The reaction in some markets yesterday may be the first time any market has begun to wonder whether the Fed is contributing to inflation, and not really trying to keep a lid on it.

Numerian September 19, 2007 - 1:33pm

Seems almost a distraction to ignore the worldwide problem with
government debt.

But one can see how it might happen with all those taxpayers
not having jobs any longer.

jomama September 19, 2007 - 1:19pm

Welcome to the new Weimar Republic.

But you can't burn electrons....

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

Charles Darwin

darwin September 19, 2007 - 3:02pm

as in,BIG trouble? Fears of dollar collapse as Saudis take fright

"This is a very dangerous situation for the dollar," said Hans Redeker, currency chief at BNP Paribas.

"Saudi Arabia has $800bn (£400bn) in their future generation fund, and the entire region has $3,500bn under management. They face an inflationary threat and do not want to import an interest rate policy set for the recessionary conditions in the United States," he said.

The Saudi central bank said today that it would take "appropriate measures" to halt huge capital inflows into the country, but analysts say this policy is unsustainable and will inevitably lead to the collapse of the dollar peg.

As a close ally of the US, Riyadh has so far tried to stick to the peg, but the link is now destabilising its own economy.

The Fed's dramatic half point cut to 4.75pc yesterday has already caused a plunge in the world dollar index to a fifteen year low, touching with weakest level ever against the mighty euro at just under $1.40.

There is now a growing danger that global investors will start to shun the US bond markets. The latest US government data on foreign holdings released this week show a collapse in purchases of US bonds from $97bn to just $19bn in July, with outright net sales of US Treasuries.

The danger is that this could now accelerate as the yield gap between the United States and the rest of the world narrows rapidly, leaving America starved of foreign capital flows needed to cover its current account deficit -- expected to reach $850bn this year, or 6.5pc of GDP.

Mr Redeker said foreign investors have been gradually pulling out of the long-term US debt markets, leaving the dollar dependent on short-term funding. Foreigners have funded 25pc to 30pc of America's credit and short-term paper markets over the last two years.

"They were willing to provide the money when rates were paying nicely, but why bear the risk in these dramatically changed circumstances? We think that a fall in dollar to $1.50 against the euro is not out of the question at all by the first quarter of 2008," he said.

"This is nothing like the situation in 1998 when the crisis was in Asia, but the US was booming. This time the US itself is the problem," he said.

LJ September 19, 2007 - 6:18pm

This was exactly the wrong move.

Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 6:55pm

Is it like Cheney's view of debt: it doesn't even matter? Who cares anyway when we are the most powerful nation on earth, ever?

I mean, like, when does reality hit?

LJ September 19, 2007 - 6:30pm

to 30% standard of living drop if the dollar really craters and Americans are forced to live within their means. That's my guesstimate.

Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 6:56pm

Fed mumbling and hand-waving about "core inflation" is beside the point - an inflation figure which doesn't include the money people spend heating their house, feeding themselves, and driving to work is divorced from what real people experience.

The term "inflation" means different things. Technically speaking, across the board inflation equals currency depreciation. However, costs and prices seldom increase across the board simultaneously. So economists look for other ways to measure price increases that are not due to real appreciation in value. They look at changes in wholesale prices, for example, and price changes in a non-volatile "basket" of consumer goods. They were not concerned with unsustainable run-up in the price of equities and then housing, because, technically speaking, this type of appreciation is not "inflation." True, dangerous bubbles were forming but that was considered to be an consequence in the free market system due to irrational exuberance, that the markets would sort out. However, when the bill came due, it was, of course, Wall Street over Main Street, as usual, as Wall Street had come to expect.

But what neo-liberal economists are most concerned with is increase in wages and salaries. In fact, this latter is the chief determinant of the meaning of "inflation" in most neo-liberal economists minds. As long as the price of labor is under control, it is presumed that capital can do its work efficiently and effectively. If not, which generally occurs only under full employment, not. Then rates have to rise to cool things off by dampening employment. It is expected that scarce resources will increase in price in relation to demand, but if the cost of labor does not increase correspondingly, then it is considered to be merely price appreciation rather than true inflation.

At present, the cost of labor is not increasing due to global labor arbitrage because most non-professional* jobs are fungible, so the conclusion is that inflation remains under control -- even though metals, energy, and commodities are increasing in cost, which will inevitably be passed along to the consumer and some already are. What to do? Redefine how "core inflation" is measured, eliminating items regarded as "too volatile." Convenient, but ostrich-like, if not intentionally disingenuous.

[* Note: professions are not fungible because they are protected by licensing requirements. This even true among the states themselves. It is very difficult for a professional to move to a desirable place like California without going through a relicensing procedure design to discourage. Non-professional jobs are, of course, not protected.]

tjfxh September 19, 2007 - 7:14pm

They were not concerned with unsustainable run-up in the price of equities and then housing, because, technically speaking, this type of appreciation is not "inflation." True, dangerous bubbles were forming but that was considered to be an consequence in the free market system due to irrational exuberance, that the markets would sort out. However, when the bill came due, it was, of course, Wall Street over Main Street, as usual, as Wall Street had come to expect.

A point I disagree with them about. Asset inflation is still inflation. Agreed on the rest - labor arbitrge has kept down costs. That game, however, is running out. Professional jobs are more fungible than you indicate - you can be a US accountant in India, you just you have to pass the exams. And you can do legal work in India, someone who passed the bar just has to sign off on it.

Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 7:44pm

And you can do legal work in India, someone who passed the bar just has to sign off on it.

I'd be real worried about quality control. Given our experience with Indian call center software support, I would be very leary of this proposition. I have heard my wife (who was born in India and speaks fluent Hindi and generally has great respect for Indians in general) go ballistic at the incompetence of "Sally" on the other end of the line. I would suspect similar issues would crop up in the provision of anything other than the most rudimentary of legal services.

The underwriter in me says, sure we'll write the professional liability insurance for such a venture, with a half million dollar self insured retention.

Mark September 19, 2007 - 10:24pm

that some outsourcing is already occuring, and a lot of accounting outsourcing.

Ian Welsh September 19, 2007 - 11:11pm

My wife and I bought a piece of land that has more than quadrupled in the last 10 years and then doubled for us. It costs at least

twice as much for labor and materials to build the same house as I did 10 years ago.

OK, health care? education? now, food? Inflation is under control?

I gotta get cable TV and start watching CNBC. Then, it will all become so clear. "There is no inflation." Just keep saying it, over and over.

But what neo-liberal economists are most concerned with is increase in wages and salaries. In fact, this latter is the chief determinant of the meaning of "inflation" in most neo-liberal economists minds. As long as the price of labor is under control, it is presumed that capital can do its work efficiently and effectively.


You can't say it any better than that.
LJ September 19, 2007 - 8:28pm

...At present, the cost of labor is not increasing due to global labor arbitrage...

My state ties the minimum wage to the CPI, so it increases automatically, regardless. I don't know how many other states do this also.

Petronius September 20, 2007 - 2:17am

Telegraph

Saudi Arabia has refused to cut interest rates in lockstep with the US Federal Reserve for the first time, signalling that the oil-rich Gulf kingdom is preparing to break the dollar currency peg in a move that risks setting off a stampede out of the dollar across the Middle East.

This is a very dangerous situation for the dollar," said Hans Redeker, currency chief at BNP Paribas.

"Saudi Arabia has $800bn (£400bn) in their future generation fund, and the entire region has $3,500bn under management. They face an inflationary threat and do not want to import an interest rate policy set for the recessionary conditions in the United States," he said.

The Saudi central bank said today that it would take "appropriate measures" to halt huge capital inflows into the country, but analysts say this policy is unsustainable and will inevitably lead to the collapse of the dollar peg.

As a close ally of the US, Riyadh has so far tried to stick to the peg, but the link is now destabilising its own economy.

more

I did inhale.

Don September 19, 2007 - 8:49pm

This is starting to look more and more like the crises which gripped the pound sterling during the 1960s and 1970s until the UK won a reprieve with North Sea oil. The Bank of England needed to tighten to keep a grip on inflation but couldn't because it would crater the already faltering British economy. In the end they decided that they wouldn't keep the pound sterling as a major trading currency and just let it float to its new natural level. Of course, the British economy tanked for twenty years until they could recover with the help of the North Sea energy bounty. Bernanke's just hoping he can keep inflation at bay long enough so that the party in power (the Republicans in the White House) don't reap a double helping of whoop-ass in the 2008 election.

VizierVic September 19, 2007 - 10:44pm

Counterpunch

By Mike Whitney

excerpt:

"It is illogical to assume that holders of cash will have a strong desire to lend money at low rates in a currency that is declining in value when they can take these same funds and lend them at high rates in a currency that is gaining in value. By lowering interest rates the Federal Reserve will not stimulate economic growth or create jobs. It will crash the currency, stimulate inflation, and weaken the economy and the job markets".

Bove is right. The people and businesses that cannot repay their debts should be allowed to fail. Further weakening the dollar only adds to our collective risk by feeding inflation and increasing the likelihood of capital flight from American markets. If that happens; we’re toast.

Consider this: In 2000, when Bush took office, gold was $273 per ounce, oil was $22 per barrel and the euro was worth $.87 per dollar. Currently, gold is over $700 per ounce, oil is over $80 per barrel, and the euro is nearly $1.40 per dollar. If Bernanke cuts rates, we’re likely to see oil at $125 per barrel by next spring.

Inflation is soaring. The government statistics are thoroughly bogus. Gold, oil and the euro don’t lie. According to economist Martin Feldstein, “The falling dollar and rising food prices caused market-based consumer prices to rise by 4.6 per cent in the most recent quarter.” (WSJ)

That’s 18.4 per cent a year, and yet Bernanke is still considering cutting interest rates and further fueling inflation.

I did inhale.

Don September 20, 2007 - 9:56am

Comment viewing options

Select your preferred way to display the comments and click "Save settings" to activate your changes.