Jose Padilla, née Winston Smith, Found Guilty


What can be more telling than that Jose Padilla thought a civilian trial shouldn't occur - because it was unfair to George Bush?

That detail, to me, inescapably reminds one of Winston Smith, at the end of 1984 - a broken man... but one who loves Big Brother. One who loves the system that tortured him, broke him.

My friend Sam Smith, over at Scholars and Rogues declares this a victory...

But today, the very rule of law that Bush has worked so hard to destroy has rendered a verdict: guilty. The criminal will almost certainly spend the rest of his life behind bars where he poses no threat at all to our lives, our liberties, or our individual pursuits of happiness.

In other words, Mr. President, the system worked. Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Mason, and all the other substantial intellects who framed the Constitution and helped adapt it as the world evolved, it turns out they were onto something after all. It turns out that over two centuries of thinkers - real patriots, as opposed to the cynical flag-waving scoundrel sort that currently infests our government - well, Mr. Bush, they were smarter than you, after all.

The. System. Worked.

I can't see it that way. As I wrote to Sam, it feels very empty to me. The man wasn't given a timely trial, and he was tortured to the point of Winston Smithism - to the point where he loved "Big Brother, aka George Bush" so much, that he thought a civilian trial was unfair to the President. Then he was found guilty. He was at the very least, incompetent to stand trial. He was systematically tortured. He was denied a timely trial. He was denied a good defense, because he was so delusional he wouldn't cooperate with his defense team.

This was a show trial and I can't view it any other way. A man who has been systematically tortured to the point of delusion; to the point of being unable to cooperate in his own defense, being found guilty, is nothing to celebrate and I really doubt most of the Founders would see it as something to be proud of.

More After the Jump


I also doubt that many foreigners who are aware of the trial view it as anything but a show trial. Americans may wish to deceive themselves that this had something to do with justice; but I'll lay long odds those who have less stake in the lies Americans need to tell themselves to continue to pretend that their system is "good", or "just", or even "still Constitutional" see it as anything but a parody of justice.

But hey, if torturing someone till they love the person who threw them in jail; if taking years to bring someone to trial; if making someone so paranoid that they won't cooperate in their own defense counts as "the system working", then the American justice system is sure a model system.

I'm sure next time some American is tortured overseas; is denied a timely trial; is so delusional after years in prison that he can't cooperate properly with his defense attorneys, that those who are declaring victory now will nod and smile and talk about how wonderful the justice system is operating overseas - about how American ideas of justice, civil and human rights are spreading.

Sorry, I'm stepping off the spin machine. It's making me so nauseous that if I stay on one more second I'm going to puke.


Ian Welsh August 16, 2007 - 4:04pm
( categories: Miscellany )

Ian, when 1984

arrives and we start to live it, we really are to recite Black Is White, War Is Peace.

Successful shredding of an individual's most basic Constitutional rights, in the most public possible way -- the arrest and torture, without trial, on no showing of evidence, of a native American citizen -- is confirmed as right and proper. And we are told, The System Worked.

That is, when YOU are arrested and tortured and shut away for life if not executed, buddy, that's the so-called American Constitutional system of government, the envy of the world, at work.

For me, Ian, this just shows -- as if, as if, it needed to be demonstrated with any more clarity -- that we no longer have a Constitutional form of government in this country.

The system is broken. We live in a tyrannical form of government. We just are unwilling to admit it.

mmeo August 16, 2007 - 4:38pm

Thanks for an insightful take here, Ian, and as I noted in my e-mail to you, I think you clearly have the better argument than I do where the facts are concerned. There's nothing remotely satisfying about the verdict or the way we got to it.

I just feel like truth and reality don't matter anymore. They certainly don't matter to the Bushies, and way too many members of the public either don't know, don't care, or don't have the critical faculties necessary to parse reality out of the misdirection machine.

In that world, the ability to claim victory effectively is more important than in a world where are more than capable of figuring it out on their own. So perhaps my piece was driven by the PR imperative, huh?

At the least, I feel like today's outcome makes it a little harder for Bush to claim that torture and the suspension of due process were necessary. If we can back him into that corner, at least it keeps the bleating down.....

Sam Smith

drslammy August 16, 2007 - 5:31pm

Consider the 1790 "seditious conspiracy" law that's now being used to prosecute some "terrorists". Initially used to get rid of inconvenient loyalists left over after the Revolution; amended to throw Confederate sympathizers in prison after the war between the states; amended again in 1918 to put Socialists and Communists away. Now being used against "terrorists".

The clever thing about this law is that one needn't do anything but plan for the downfall of the US government, or any of its property. There's no standard to determine if the plan was even feasible. Just two citizens not liking the status quo.

Theoretically, you and I could conspire to chant the Greek alphabet backwards until our friend Xemu shows up from Alpha Centauri and destroys Washington with his cold-fusion-powered dephlogistonater. We could be tried and convicted of seditious conspiracy.

Why the US Supreme Court for over 200 years has tolerated this blatant violation of First Amendment rights is unfathomable.

Wait--don't tell me--it exists because it's "justice".

USC Title 18,2384--If two or more persons in any State or Territory, or in any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, conspire to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them, or to oppose by force the authority thereof, or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States, or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof, they shall each be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.

I don't know that Padilla was tried on this, but other people have been, lately.

Petronius August 16, 2007 - 5:34pm

The USA is a free country.
You are free to do as you are told!

repressive governments mix administrative clumsiness & inefficiency with authoritarian tendencies.

kimmy August 16, 2007 - 6:26pm

This is what Omar Khadr has been reduced to:

Mr. Edney said that when he saw Mr. Khadr recently, his client was so mentally debilitated that he wanted nothing more than crayons and some paper to colour on. Contrary to federal government assurances that Mr. Khadr is doing just fine, Mr. Edney said, his client is actually "ill and going blind. He needs all sorts of help."

Source

He was 15-years-old and likely brainwashed by his father when incarcerated in Guantanamo. He's been there five years, and yes he has been tortured and been left in solidary confinement for long periods of time. He's not allowed to mix with the general population while legal eagles find 'some,' any old grounds or excuse will do to find him guilty.

canuck August 16, 2007 - 10:14pm

I think it could be a good argument that this trial shows us that the system works, in the sense that acts of terrorism are criminal acts, and terrorists ought to be prosecuted for those acts. But I remain skeptical that Padilla was convicted of actually doing anything criminal.

Rather, it seems that Padilla awas convicted of choosing bad associates. If this were a crime, then a lot of people in the military deserve similar trials: Abu Ghraib saw the purposeful rape of and sodomy of many innocent civilians and the humiliation of dozens or hundreds more. And Iraq has suffered more than a million deaths as a result of US invasion. Does that make every person who has applied to serve in the US military a war criminal?

I remain to be convinced that Padilla's analogous acts of association can be legitimately called illegal.. The main piece of evidence was a three page application with seven of his finger prints. So Padilla wanted to join al Qaeda. I have not read enough about the case to know if the prosecution succeeded in demonstrating that he actually did join al Qaeda. Did, he for instance, receive their membership card complete with the unforgable hologram of authentification? Did he receive paychecks? What precisely was the nature of the association? It matters. The M$M assumes we don't care; therefore I don't know.

If we are to argue that in this case the system worked, we would have to argue that Padilla actually intended to do harm. And if there was any such evidence offered by the prosecution in this trial, I've not bumped into it. Yes, there was highly suspicious talk involving zucchini and eggplant. But Padilla did not engage in such talk. And sometimes a zucchini is just a zucchini.

mtspace August 16, 2007 - 11:30pm

He might even be guilty. Even if I were to grant that was the case, it would not effect my contention that his civil and human rights have been so far violated that the case should simply be thrown out. No one can have a fair trial under these circumstances, and he has already suffered cruel and unusual punishment.

Ian Welsh August 17, 2007 - 12:13am
Raja August 17, 2007 - 7:11am
janinsanfran August 17, 2007 - 10:16am

picks on someone that is much smaller? I remember as a youngster yelling, "Why don't you pick on someone your own size!"

canuck August 17, 2007 - 12:50am

I think the whole Padilla thing is first and foremost a territorial invasion by the state into the rights of citizens. It claims and then demonstrates the power of the state over individuals as a step in the ongoing replacement of democracy with feudalism. But there's also an element of human sacrifice -- states from Rome to the Aztecs ritually killed prisoners of war after a military victory. This sacrifice called down the favor of the gods, either because the gods liked human sacrifice or because the prisoners had fought against those whom the gods favored, and this impiety had to be expiated.

Padilla was so insignificant and so mistreated that his destruction does come across as a ritual rather than as a criminal justice procedure.

nihil obstet August 17, 2007 - 10:39am

The real horror of this debacle is that a precedent has been established for the government in that a "terrorist" can be placed in solitary confinement for years, be subjected to sensory deprivation, bullied and coerced into specious "admissions", then be hauled into a Federal courtroom and tried under grossly broad "material aid" statutes. Lewis Koch, at the Firedoglake blog, has been following the trial, and it is instructive to read his "final thoughts":

Looking back, there was a part of the trial I “missed” and thus couldn’t share with you or comment upon. It happened before the trial itself actually started. I think if I had been as aware of it then as I am now, I would have forecast a much gloomier conclusion.

The issue centered around the question if Padilla was psychologically able to help his attorneys in his defense, whether he was mentally competent. Let Miami Herald reporter Fred Grimm, as he did January 18, 2007:

The accused was held in extreme isolation for 1,307 days. Held in a nine-by-seven-foot cell. The only window blacked out. He was the lone prisoner on the two-tier cellblock. He was given food through a slot in the door. He slept on a steel mattress. No reading material. No calendar. No clock. Nothing to connect him to the outside world..
But it was the short trip down the hallway for a dental examination that captured the utter isolation and sensory deprivation inflicted on Jose Padilla during his 3 ½ years in the Navy brig at Charleston, S.C.

Helmeted guards, their faces obscured behind dark plastic visors, manacled his hands and feet through slots in his cell door. They covered his ears with sound-canceling headphones, covered his eyes with blacked-out goggles.

Padilla, mind you, has been described by his jailers as docile “as a piece of furniture.”

At that point, after months of a dehumanizing interrogation regime, any useful information had long been squeezed from him.

Dr. Angela Hegarty, director of forensic psychiatry at the Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in Queens, N.Y. and assistant professor of clinical psychiatry at Columbia University examined Padilla for a total of 22 hours. Thanks to an ironic twist of fate and timing, the very day the Padilla verdict came in, Democracy Now Amy Goodman, host and executive producer of Democracy Now! and co-host Juan Glonzales conducted an exclusive interview with Dr. Hegarty.

Padilla had refused to speak with his attorneys and they knew expert psychiatric help was necessary. Dr. Hegarty was called in:

He [Padilla] had developed really a tremendous identification with the goals and interests of the government. I really considered a diagnosis of Stockholm syndrome. For example, at one point in the proceedings, his attorneys had, you know, done well at cross-examining an FBI agent, and instead of feeling happy about it like all the other defendants I’ve seen over the years, he was actually very angry with them. He was very angry that the civil proceedings were “unfair to the commander-in-chief,” quote/unquote. And in fact, one of the things that happened that disturbed me particularly was when he saw his mother. He wanted her to contact President Bush to help him, help him out of his dilemma. He expected that the government might help him, if he was “good,” quote/unquote.

The second thing was his absolute state of terror, terror alternating with numbness…It was as though the interrogators were in the room with us. He was like…a trauma victim who knew that they were going to be sent back to the person who hurt them and that he …would subsequently pay a price if he revealed what happened…

In this very small cell, he was monitored twenty-four hours a day, and the doors were managed electronically….He had no way of knowing the time. The light was always artificial. The windows were blackened. He had no calendar or time, as you mentioned earlier. He really didn’t see people, especially in the beginning. He only had contact with his interrogators. (LZK Note: Padilla had to be charged with a crime. He was experiencing this as a presumed innocent man.)

AMY GOODMAN: Did you conclude he had been tortured?

DR. ANGELA HEGARTY: Well, “torture,” of course, is a legal term. However, as a clinician, I have worked with torture victims and, of course, abuse victims for a few decades now, actually. I think, from a clinical point of view, he was tortured.

(much more, incl. links...)

http://www.firedoglake.com/2007/08/16/reflections-on-padilla/

Eleven hours to conclude a verdict, for THREE defendants, with a 42-page instruction sheet from the judge?? "Justice" from a "red, white, and blue" jury. A revealing glimpse into the horror of unfettered state power, even employing the intermediary of " a jury of one's peers". There is more than a passing resemblance to the Moscow show trials of the Thirties here: "defendants" broken by NKVD interrogators, then frog-marched into a "People's Court", presided over by ringmaster Vishinsky, leading to a pre-determined "verdict". With any competent appellate process, this wretched farce may well be overturned, though the thought of the government using the "state secrets" dodge to cover up much of the pre-trial treatment of Padilla gives one pause.



“les Etats-unis, c’est le seul pays à être passé de la préhistoire à la décadence sans jamais connaitre la civilisation…”...Georges Clemenceau

barrisj redux August 17, 2007 - 11:59am

US Gov't broke Padilla through intense isolation, say experts
Despite warnings, officials used 43 months of severe isolation to force Jose Padilla to tell all he knew about Al Qaeda.

Miami - When suspected Al Qaeda operative Jose Padilla was whisked from the criminal justice system to military custody in June 2002, it was done for a key purpose – to break his will to remain silent.

As a US citizen, Mr. Padilla enjoyed a right against forced self-incrimination. But this constitutional guarantee vanished the instant President Bush declared him an enemy combatant.

For a month, agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation had been questioning Padilla in New York City under the rules of the criminal justice system. They wanted to know about his alleged involvement in a plot to detonate a radiological "dirty bomb" in the US. Padilla had nothing to say. Now, military interrogators were about to turn up the heat.

Padilla was delivered to the US Naval Consolidated Brig in Charleston, S.C., where he was held not only in solitary confinement but as the sole detainee in a high-security wing of the prison. Fifteen other cells sat empty around him.

The purpose of the extraordinary privacy, according to experts familiar with the technique, was to eliminate the possibility of human contact. No voices in the hallway. No conversations with other prisoners. No tapping out messages on the walls. No ability to maintain a sense of human connection, a sense of place or time.

In essence, experts say, the US government was trying to break Padilla's silence by plunging him into a mental twilight zone. Padilla was not the only Al Qaeda suspect locked away in isolation. Although harsh interrogation methods such as water-boarding, forced hypothermia, sleep deprivation, and stress positions draw more media attention, use of isolation to "soften up" detainees for questioning is much more common.

"It is clear that the intent of this isolation was to break Padilla for the purpose of the interrogations that were to follow," says Stuart Grassian, a Boston psychiatrist and nationally recognized expert on the debilitating effects of solitary confinement. Dr. Grassian conducted a detailed examination of Padilla for his lawyers.

(much more...).

http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0814/p11s01-usju.html?page=1

Additional discussion at Balkinization blog:

There's a Reason Why We Call it the Bill of Rights-- Government Isn't Supposed to Violate Them

JB

This Christian Science Monitor article describes the government's treatment of one of its citizens, Jose Padilla, over the course of a five year period. An American citizen detained in the United States, he was entitled to the protections of the Bill of Rights, and, at the very least, a hearing to determine whether he was an agent for a foreign government. Instead President George W. Bush declared that he was an enemy of the state and without any legal process whisked him off to a military prison where he was held in solitary confinement for one purpose-- to break him.
...
It's important to remember that the Bush Administration did everything it could to deny Padilla even the basic right of habeas corpus. It argued that courts had no power to second guess the President's determination that Padilla was an enemy of the United States and could be held in solitary confinement indefinitely. It argued that no one had the right to contact Padilla and that no one had the right to know what the government was doing to him. It argued that courts should defer to the President's views about who was dangerous and who was not-- that once the President declared a person an enemy, that person had all the process that was due them and courts should respect that determination.

It argued, in short, that the President always knows best.

If the President had his way, the government, on the basis of information that never had to be tested before any neutral magistrate, could pluck any citizen off the streets, throw them in a military prison, and proceed to drive them insane.

Those are the powers that the Bush Administration sought. I will not mince words: They are the powers of a dictator in an authoritarian regime. They are the powers of the old Soviet Union, of the military junta in Argentina during the time of the disappeared.
...
f a jury finds him guilty of the crimes he is charged with, he will be punished according to the law. But in the meantime, the damage has been done-- not to the system of justice in this country, but to Padilla himself. His mind and his life have already been destroyed.

They were destroyed by a government that broke the law, that denied basic human rights, that flouted the Constitution it swore to uphold, that acted like the authoritarian regimes we oppose.

And for that we should all be deeply ashamed.

http://balkin.blogspot.com/2007/08/theres-reason-why-we-call-it-bill-of.html

And, Marty Lederman highlights an important and revealing item introduced during the Padilla trial: the "Jacoby Declaration" - - -

The Rosetta Stone of the Detention/Interrogation Scandal

Jack's post below gets right to the heart of what is so important, so novel (for the U.S.), and scandalous, about the Administration's detention regime. Unlike in past conflicts, when the purpose of detention was incapacitation of actual combatants so that they could not fight against us, the dominant purpose of this detention regime is intelligence-gathering -- and that's something that the Administration has concluded can only be effective if the will, the human agency, of the detainees, is broken completely. As Jane Mayer reported last week, the essential objective is to reduce the detainees to a state of "learned helplessness," which "creates dread and dependency."

This explains, among other things, the breadth of the definition of who may be detained as an "enemy combatant" (going far beyond traditional combatants to include virtually anyone who might have actionable intelligence); the need for "disappearances," i.e., secret facilities not subject to oversight; the severe isolation and sensory deprivation the CSM story describes; the strenuous efforts to exclude judicial review; and the insistence on keeping secret any information about which interrogation techniques are legal.

In this respect, there is no more important public government document in this whole scandal than the Declaration filed in the Padilla case by Vice Admiral Lowell Jacoby, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

The Lowell Declaration explains, quite forthrightly, that the DIA's "approach to interrogation" is "largely dependent upon creating an atmosphere of dependency and trust" between the subject and the interrogator:

Developing the kind of relationship of trust and dependency necessary for effective interrogations is a process that can take a significant amount of time. There are numerous examples of situations where interrogators have been unable to obtain valuable intelligence from a subject until months, or even years, after the interrogation process began.

Anything that threatens the perceived dependency and trust between the subject and interrogator directly threatens the value of interrogation as an intelligence-gathering tool. Even seemingly minor interruptions can have profound psychological impacts on the delicate subject-interrogator relationship. Any insertion of counsel into the subject-interrogator relationship, for example -- even if only for a limited duration or for a specific purpose -- can undo months of work and may permanently shut down the interrogation process. Therefore, it is critical to minimize external influences on the interrogation process.
...
Permitting Padilla any access to counsel may substantially harm our national security interests. As with most detainees, Padilla is unlikely to cooperate if he believes that an attorney will intercede in his detention. DIA's assessment is that Padilla is even more inclined to resist interrogation than most detainees. DIA is aware that Padilla has had extensive experience in the United States criminal justice system and had access to counsel when he was being held as a material witness. These experiences have likely heightened his expectations that counsel will assist him in the interrogation process. Only after such as Padilla has perceived that help is not on the way can the United States reasonably expect to obtain all possible intelligence information from Padilla.

Because Padilla is likely more attuned to the possibility of counsel intervention than most detainees, I believe that any potential sign of counsel involvement would disrupt our ability to gather intelligence from Padilla. Padilla has been detained without access to counsel for seven months -- since the [Department of Defense] took control of him on 9 June 2002. Providing him access to counsel now would create expectations by Padilla that his ultimate release may be obtained through an adversarial civil litigation process. This would break -- probably irreparably - the sense of dependency and trust that the interrogators are attempting to create.

The Solicitor General even placed the Jacoby Declaration in the Appendix in the Padilla/Hamdi cases, and cited it liberally in support of its argument to the Court that the Administration should be entitled to detain persons not only for purposes of incapacitation, but also for purposes of long-term interrogations.

That is why, just as the Jacoby Declaration is the single most revealing document released by the government in the conflict against al Qaeda, so, too, the single most important sentence in any of the Supreme Court's decisions in the al Qaeda cases was a stark rejection of the government's rationale -- indeed, a remarkable rebuke to the Jacoby Declaration -- in Justice O'Connor's controlling opinion in Hamdi. After explaining at length that the laws of war and the Authorization for Use of Military Force permit detention for purposes of incapacitating combatants, Justice O'Connor wrote (542 U.S. at 521):

"Certainly, we agree that indefinite detention for the purpose of interrogation is not authorized."

No citation offered, because none should be needed. "Certainly."
http://balkin.blogspot.com/2007/08/rosetta-stone-of-detentioninterrogation.html

The Cheney administration has broken a whole lot of new ground here over the past 6+ years, and many of its practices are sure to survive and be utilised by future administrations, some perhaps somewhat more benign than the current lot, and some which will be notably more authoritarian and secretive (if that's possible). The gross expansion and abuse of state power, whether within the strictly "legal" or "criminal justice" sphere, or that of warrantless surveillance - by whatever means, "preventive" or "pre-emptive" war by fiat or guile, the list is endless, and provides a chilling template for successor regimes.



“les Etats-unis, c’est le seul pays à être passé de la préhistoire à la décadence sans jamais connaitre la civilisation…”...Georges Clemenceau

barrisj redux August 17, 2007 - 12:38pm

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