No Bailouts for Lenders - Help the Borrowers


Ok, so Clinton is proposing a bailout:

Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton is calling for a $1-billion federal fund to help homeowners avoid foreclosure.

The New York Democrat is also proposing penalties against mortgage brokers who engage in predatory lending. Speaking in Derry, New Hampshire, the front-runner for her party's presidential nomination said its time to "acknowledge we have a real challenge and confront it head-on with real solutions."

Weak home prices and rising interest rates have made it increasingly difficult for borrowers to keep up with their payments, pushing delinquencies and foreclosures sharply higher.

Here's how you do it - you have a government entity buy the distressed mortgages at a discount. Those involved in the market can debate exact prices, but I'd suggest setting it around 40%. That sets a floor. Buy them only in blocks. When you take them over, reset the mortgage at that point to a fixed rate simple mortgage with a 10 year term at 50% of original value (ie. a 20% markup from what you bought it from). The homeowner gets relief, the market gets a bottom, but the companies who engaged in the worst practices still mostly go out of business and investors who bought irresponsibly still take a big loss (as they should. It was obviously a bubble, and believing in markets means taking your losses.)


Ian Welsh August 7, 2007 - 8:26pm
( categories: Analysis | Economics: USA )

it sounds much too sensible and it saves the day without harming the homeowners. Not a chance.

pihwht August 7, 2007 - 8:41pm

Totally stupid, actually.

If the government is going to save these feeble-minded home buyers, and they will also, as a side-effect keep housing prices high. So what about those of us who acted responsibly and stayed away from these crazy mortgages? Is the government going to give us nice fat handouts so we can finally purchase houses????

This proposal is absolutely assinine. It gives a handout to people who made idiotic financial decisions, and then penalizes those who don't have money, and do not yet own a house.

The right way to handle this is to let the bankruptcies happen, but strengthen bankruptcy protections (which were whittled away after 2004 - Bush's top contributors were the credit industry, and he obliged them). This would dump the mess on the parasitic credit industry, pop housing prices, and restore sanity to housing so that rational people can actually buy houses again.

abudabu August 8, 2007 - 1:27am

but as noted below, I can live with giving no one a bailout. What I object to, and what is likely to happen, is that the borrowers won't get much of a bailout at all, but the financial sector will.

A billion bucks ain't going to stop the housing bubble popping. A billion is barely real money. But some pain can be stopped and the plan I suggested above does so in a way which will actually make the government money. More details would have to be added (for example, the mortgage pretty much has to be non transferable and if sold for more than a certain value, some of that would have to go to the government, since the government just halved the price of your house for you.)

Ian Welsh August 8, 2007 - 1:55am

So, next thing, we'll bail out all folks who have a 20K bill on their credit cards? Why should people who paid attention and managed their finances have to subsidize those who didn't? That's an incentive for people to be stupid. People DON'T have to buy a house. They can rent until they have the funds to buy a house. Perhaps by giving up cable TV and Starbucks coffe to achieve the goal.

creativelcro August 7, 2007 - 9:20pm

The issue is not that they got screwed, the issue is they never ought to have bought a mortgage way over their heads in the first place. So now you want to enable them to buy more house that they ever could have afforded or paid. Not unless you give everybody including me that deal. Why would you want a bottom to a market that has effectively priced most buyers out of the market. If the only way to afford the house is a negative amortization or interest only mortgage, they are better off renting. The only result of your solution is to make the banks richer.

Takachi99 August 7, 2007 - 9:31pm

Look at the logic of the article. How does it follow that weak home prices have made it difficult to keep up with the payments? What they mean is they can't borrow more in order to pay a payment they couldn't afford in the first place. Again, only banks win. Its sick!

Takachi99 August 7, 2007 - 9:34pm

...we pass laws banning "teaser rates" and regulating ARMs a little tighter? That would also be sensible, and guarantee your political opponent's coffers get a little more full.

Beyond that, home buyers should learn what asterisks are there for.

Steve 2.0 August 7, 2007 - 10:12pm

As I see it the natural response to those rates and ARMs is happening right now. Lenders made these beds, they can lie in them. If they want to keep lending risky ARMs after this bloodbath so be it. They want the rewards, let them take the risks.

Nothing needs to be done, let the market crash if it needs to crash.

zot23 August 8, 2007 - 2:35pm

I guess you don't believe in speed limits or consumer protections either. These sort of practices are what led to the Great Depression, they make economic downturns much worse than they should be and so on. Enforcing some standards is helpful in the same way we don't let manufacturers sell very unsafe goods - because most people don't know much about finance (hell a huge number of Americans are functionally illiterate, let alone innumerate) and selling them such things amounts to fraud.

Ian Welsh August 8, 2007 - 5:20pm

What I am trying to say is that if we want to have laws and enforce them that is fine. But since we didn't have those laws in place, a huge amount of loose credit was extended and now it is time to pay the piper for that windfall. I didn't want that loose credit, if asked I would have voted against it 100%, but it happened. And now I think it is important for everyone to experience the cost of that credit waterfall - to understand what the price was. If we mask the pain with a bailout (of any kind really), will the laws get changed enough to prevent this from happening again? I say they will not.

If we have a bailout of some kind and pass the pain unto the American taxpayers what will be the lesson learned by the lenders and the borrowers? And if they don't get smacked on the butt fairly hard, why would they agree to stricter finance laws in the future?

After all, did banks stop crazy loaning practices after the S&L bailout? I would argue that looking at what we have today, right here in this post, they did not. And they will not until their actions come back to bite them on the rear (hard!)

If we want to live in a world of regulation, let's do it. If we want to live in a financial world of dizzying unregulated lending, then we have to be ok with the inevitable rollercoaster crash. We can't have it both ways and we can't bail out after the high and expect to escape the low.

Does that make my position more clear?

zot23 August 9, 2007 - 11:23am

We don't really even enforce the stuff on the books. I guarantee, from what I know, that full discolosure standards weren't really met in a lot of mortgage cases for example, and bank reserve requirements are no longer being observed either since they allow them to sell off the default risk and count that and it comes in as costing less than the reserve requirements.

In any case, my plan is set up to make sure that lenders take it on the chin. It's borrowers who get the bailour, not lenders (or not very much, a 60% loss is pretty huge). With respect to borrowers, I don't think the population as a whole will learn all that well until a great depression. In the meantime, lenders were offering loan types not seen in large numbers since.... the 1920s. Credit card companies are charging effectively far more than even 20%.

One reason for all this is the bankruptcy act. As long as that bankruptcy act is around, as long as people really can't go cleanly bankrupt, I believe in bailing out the borrowers - and not the lenders.

Get back clean bankruptcy protections and add some serious usury protections and I might agree with you. Not until then.

Ian Welsh August 9, 2007 - 1:52pm

I'm surprised there isn't a clause in there where you can sell members of your household to the creditors to annul the debt. The King and the Duke from Huck Finn never dreamed of such a great scam.

I also agree that the public almost needs another depression to get their heads on straight. It would be nice to avoid, but it would also be nice to live in the Playboy mansion ;)

Your bailout would be the best scenario, I just don't like bailouts at all. I would rather see the laws strictly enforced going forward and let everyone feel a lick of the flame to enforce that these sorts of policies are not victimless crimes. In the same way that it sometimes takes a perfectly good bridge falling down on a summer day to show how cheaping the infrastructure isn't victimless, sometimes it takes rows and rows of vacant houses to drive home the value of good lending practices.

I guess I'm a 'make the kid smoke the entire pack of cigarettes' kind of guy. Thanks for the discussion and post man...

zot23 August 9, 2007 - 3:19pm

...and if the reserve requirement isn't being enforced, it's the BANKS that will be going bankrupt. I thought we learned all this stuff in the '20's. A generation of Arthur Laffer disciples, and three straight Fed chairman who basically want to dissolve their own positions will do that to you, I guess.

Steve 2.0 August 9, 2007 - 4:31pm

After Hamilton's National bank was closed down, there was a Rhode Island bank that issued something like $800,000 worth of loans on deposits of $48. But RI has always been that way.

Gordon August 9, 2007 - 9:46pm

...it's the lenders who will pay the big price, you've attended too many Cato Institute seminars.

Steve 2.0 August 8, 2007 - 10:21pm

You can, of course, argue for no bailout.

What I'm saying is if you do bailout do it in a way that bails out homeowners.

In general they are the least culpable because they are lowest on the information threshold. When Saint Greenspan was telling people that variable rate mortgages were great; when all the bobbing heads were saying the market wasn't a bubble; when so many mortgages were sold with what amounted to false promises about them (showing graphs that didn't show the jumps in payments), yeah, while I don't hold homebuyers guiltless I do hold them more guiltless than the mortgage companies and investors.

And since the new bankruptcy act keeps it still easy for companies to go bankrupt, and makes it hard for normal people to do so, I think they deserve more help than companies also.

But I'm good with just letting everyone go under. I can live with that - as long as the banks, mortgage companies and investors also don't get bailed out. Hmmmmm.

Ian Welsh August 7, 2007 - 10:14pm

Which is why it won't work out that way. This isn't about homeowners. This is about the people who made predatory loans and, more importantly, the fine folks at Goldman Sachs, et al, who bought all that worthless paper and got a bunch of institutional buyers to invest in it.

Billary's not getting her campaign money from "little people," she's getting it from GS, Citgroup and such. Hence, the policy will tend to their needs, not the people she claims she wants to help.

I wish I could be more sanguine about this, but......

Emocrat August 7, 2007 - 10:57pm

The banks are as much at fault as the individual homeowner. Their predatory business practices have contributed to the problem at hand.

Ian is proposing a win/win scenario. Look into the S&L scandals of the 80's if you want to see a similar bailout on the other side of the class divide.

atcooper August 7, 2007 - 10:15pm

...because I know that by the time it clears congress, it will be a candy machine for the lenders, and if it isn't, Bush will veto.

Steve 2.0 August 7, 2007 - 10:49pm

Like the minimum wage increase, the only way it made it through alive was to pack it with billions in tax breaks for businesses.

I say no bailouts, none. Hard to screw up doing absolutely nothing. This democratic congress crew are naturals at it.

zot23 August 8, 2007 - 2:39pm

...the likely result is you'll fall over as soon as you get bumped. And the way modern economies work, you will get bumped.

Gordon August 8, 2007 - 6:52pm

but at, say, a 50-75 year term?

Petronius August 7, 2007 - 11:03pm

Not a bad idea either.

I did want to set a floor under the collapse - which is what the 40% is about. The 50% is so the government makes a long term profit, which I think is important in these things. (Profit's not a dirty word.)

But your idea could do the same thing, done right.

Ian Welsh August 7, 2007 - 11:31pm

As a CPA I think it is an excellent idea.

Bucksouth August 7, 2007 - 11:20pm

If! The failings that allowed the problem are fixed, and fixed permanently. For example, the S&L bailout: the core problem, still not fixed, is that deposits (up to $100k) are fully backed by the feds. I read somewhere (have no cite) that Britain's bank backstop system will refund 85% or 90% of your money lent to a bank that goes bust, but not the whole 100%. This cap puts the moral hazard back in the consumer's court; savers have a reason to examine a bank's quality if they might get shaved for $1000 out of a $10k CD.

Another example would be bailing out companies that are "too big to fail". It's only ok to bail them out if in turn they are broken up into entities "not too big to fail".

But we all know that this bailout would play out with no corrective action to the structural problems that created it.

Tonsure Wimple August 8, 2007 - 2:56am

if you've not bought a car (or similar large purchase) lately, perhaps you're not aware of the deceptive practices common to the finance business. i have little doubt that these home mortgages were marketed in the same way.

when buying a car these days, even if marching into the dealership with your own financing, the first question out of the salesperson's mouth is "what do you want your payment to be."

the marketing techniques discourage disclosure of interest rates, length of financing, actual price of a vehicle, price of a trade-in. having just gone through this with the elderly mother of a friend, i can see how easily folks can be swept up into the thrill of having something new for $X. it's not made clear that $X is for seven years, that the interest rate is 24%, that the trade-in was valued at $500 though booking at $2500. and yes, people should find out these things, but it is truly not easily done. i repeated "how much is the car how much is the car HOW MUCH IS THE CAR???" half a dozen times before the salesperson was willing to tell me the price of the car.

people entering into mortgages know, of course, the price of the house, but i am not confident that the realities of these ridiculous mortgages were made clear. and of course everyone should be educated, should do their homework, should be aware of the potential dangers in buying a home from these predators. sales pitches are standardized because they work. they are designed to play on the emotions of the buyers, to lure them in with promises and the joys to be had in home ownership.

the buyers are not blameless but i blame the mortgage companies more. they knew exactly what they were doing and i have no confidence that they would not entirely obscure the fact of rising payments, increasing interest rates, etc. in the interest of making the sale.

lynette August 8, 2007 - 7:22am

predators of all kinds. Whenever I hear the pitch of a sales person on the phone, I immediately go into "defense mode". My ears perk up, my heart rate increases, my mind focuses and then..... after a polite "no thank you", I hang up, take a deep breath and pat myself on the shoulder for slaying another one of those.

adrena August 8, 2007 - 7:51am

If I even pick up the phone.

creativelcro August 8, 2007 - 10:34am

http://www.boomantribune.com/?op=displaystory;sid=2007/8/7/14446/18343

full post at link, monies received from corporate lobyist

Insurance Industry:
Christopher J. Dodd: $592,950
Hillary Clinton: $341,240
Barack Obama: $258,172
Bill Richardson: $91,183
John Edwards: $83,737
Joseph R. Biden: $61,325
Dennis J. Kucinich: $500

Pharmaceuticals/Health Products:
Hillary Clinton: $172,150
Barack Obama: $160,572
Christopher J. Dodd: $56,700
Joseph R. Biden Jr.: $10,500
Bill Richardson: $7,150
John Edwards: $6,758
Dennis J. Kucinich: $800

Health Professionals:
Hillary Clinton: $998,851
Barack Obama: $701,993
John Edwards: $254,297
Bill Richardson: $131,225
Joseph R. Biden: $74,050
Christopher J. Dodd: $66,250
Dennis J. Kucinich: $7,900
Mike Gravel: $1,000

Want a candidate who'll fight for workers and middle class folks instead of for the banks and Wall Street? Check out these campaign donation figures:

Hedge Funds:
Christopher J. Dodd: $726,950
Hillary Clinton: $703,600
Barack Obama: $652,105
John Edwards: $218,290
Bill Richardson: $85,900
Joseph R. Biden: $28,300

Securities & Investment:
Hillary Clinton: $3,330,325
Barack Obama: $3,156,174
Christopher J. Dodd: $2,200,916
John Edwards: $668,590
Bill Richardson: $351,000
Joseph R. Biden: $250,900
Dennis J. Kucinich: $750
Mike Gravel: $250

Commercial Banks:
Barack Obama: $607,259
Hillary Clinton: $492,725
Christopher J. Dodd: $352,500
John Edwards: $131,876
Joseph R. Biden: $102,250
Bill Richardson: $83,000
Dennis J. Kucinich: $225

Real Estate:
Hillary Clinton: $2,746,039
Barack Obama: $1,337,529
Christopher J. Dodd: $582,783
John Edwards: $500,870
Bill Richardson: $418,775
Joseph R. Biden: $328,784
Dennis J. Kucinich: $6,800
Mike Gravel: $300

Tina August 8, 2007 - 8:58am

Or so we now appear to believe. Each of us should work hard, upgrading our skills or otherwise we have only ourselves to blame for suffering displacement in the global economy. Meanwhile, we must be savvy consumers of medical services -- examine and select the right insurance policy, learn to self-diagnose so you can determine when you need to go to the doctor as opposed to when you're just overconsuming services, which is why medical care costs so much now. Read all the contracts that you ever enter into, because they almost certainly contain clauses stripping you of basic contractual rights, which in the case of disagreement will be settled by an arbitration firm selected by the company -- this probably isn't much of an issue with your phone company (though in the case of giving away personal information, it could become one), but could wipe you out if it's a construction contract for building a house or for that matter the insurance on your house. Because if you lose the arbitration, you voluntarily agreed to the procedure and you were just stupid. How you get a phone without agreeing to it is something I haven't figured out yet. Make wise investments for your retirement -- you have to be much much wiser than financial consultants, because the advice that you follow at 25 will turn out to have been misguided 30 years later, and you know, it's all your fault that you don't have a decent retirement. Why should you get something that the smarter people should get but maybe didn't. And if you're going to put $10,000 in a CD in the bank, you should investigate the bank's quality, after you've learned how to do research on bank quality. Oh, and by the way, make sure you don't neglect your children and be sure to follow politics or otherwise their problems are your fault, and politically, you're just a sheeple. Have I got all this right?

People who rely on professionals to change the oil in their cars, to dispense prescription drugs, to write wills, to do all the things in a complex society that no individual could do all of for yourself, will also rely on professionals to assist with home-buying. Neoliberal economists say that individuals take actions to maximize their own profit. It seems to me that those who followed the advice of the professionals as to how to do that are not morally culpable, unless losing is the only sin, and for neoliberals, it probably is.

I'd rather live in a complex society that benefits from specialization than on a subsistence farm where I need to know how to do everything that needs doing. For that we need more regulatory control than we have now, and some sense of what is reasonable to expect an individual to do. I get as individually chuffed as the next person in a competitive society when some nitwit is rewarded for nitwitery while I suffer from intelligence, but I don't see high moralism that punishes lots of people as contributing to the better society that I'd rather we have.

As a fix for now, Ian's proposal makes sense. I wish we would look at housing and lending policies to figure out what we want the society to look like and how to set up so that individuals can get there.

nihil obstet August 8, 2007 - 9:52am

Gordon August 8, 2007 - 12:01pm

because he spent time he should have spent researching their cure into researching his own mortgage, staying informed on politics and world affairs...

Well, I suppose we should have been more diligent in selecting a doctor who was less diligent.


"The best-informed man is not necessarily the wisest. Indeed there is a danger that precisely in the multiplicity of his knowledge he will lose sight of what is essential."

- Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Escher Sketch August 8, 2007 - 3:08pm

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