Iraq: Isolate, Concentrate, Annihilate


The classic anti-insurgency strategy is isolate, concentrate, annihilate. Isolate the guerillas from the population, concentrate them, once they're concentrated, annihilate them.

But there's another type of isolation, concentration and annihilation, and as GorillasGuides points out, it's going on in Iraq today, as the guerillas blow bridge after bridge...

The bridge bombing campaigns overlap and are escalating steadily both within and outside Baghdad. This is the third major bombing this in less than a fortnight. The goals of these campaigns are as follows:

1. To isolate Baghdad.
2. To isolate districts of Baghdad.
3. To cut off the governorates one from another.

The isolation of Baghdad from the rest of the country is an important goal for those resisting the continued American attempts to subjugate Irak. By doing so they deny political credibility to the green zone government headed by Nouri Al Maliki.

Militarily it is part of the push to isolate the American forces stationed in the capital and then pick them off at leisure.

A similar benefit to those resisting the Americans derives from the bombings within Baghdad itself .

This isn't just about the capital, of course. It's about getting some significant overrun victories. The more you restrict the US's ability to reinforce isolated positions, the more likely it becomes that you can overrun them and either destroy them, or take hostages.

Over the next few months we expect to see further such bombing attacks preparatory to a series of complex attacks aimed at overruning American outposts and either slaughtering their defenders or of taking them prisoner with a view to forcing the Americans to provide further targets of opportunity.

Agonist military editor Stirling Newberry predicted this as the endgame many months ago. It continues. And this points out the problem with all the stupid buck-passing games in Washington. Americans still act as if they create reality and this is to a large extent as true of Democrats as it is of Republicans. They think that that the argument is about "when the US leaves Iraq voluntarily" and not "when the US is shoved out of Iraq".

More After the Jump

As the isolation continues, eventually US forces in the Governates will come under attacks designed to overrun them. If those attacks are succesful, the US will be forced to abandon entire governates. And with secure bases to operate with against the capital, the endgame is on. Add this to the continued and increasingly succesful attempts to cut off ground supply, and the US situation in Baghdad becomes more and more tenuous. While the US can support a significant number of troops by air supply alone, it won't be pretty at all. And if US forces in the capital are really cut off, that means their retreat rout is cut off as well. Can you say Dien Bien Phu? Sure you can.

Classic warfare against an occupier almost always ends with the capital the last place under foreign occupation. The anti-occupation forces are run by well trained, experienced military officers. They know exactly what they are doing, and they are doing it well.

There aren't two sides here - anti War Americans vs. pro-war Americans. There's a third side, and while they keep an eye on US affairs to see how much they have to do to make the US pick up its marbles and go, it is a constant mistake to implictly assume that the US has as much time as it wants, and that while grinding attrition losses will go on and on, that there is no chance of significant overruns or even of catastrophe.

There's a war going on here, and Congressmembers in Washington need to start remembering that it isn't being run according to the US electoral calender.

If there are overruns, then the blame for those losses will rest on all who thought they could play war games by the rules of politics.


Ian Welsh June 13, 2007 - 6:13am
( categories: Analysis | Iraq )

Blowing up the bridges hurts the guerillas as well. Even isolated, it would be several years before they could muster enough firepower to pull a Dien Bien Phu. (They also don't have the jungle cover that makes it easy to avoid airpower and allow them to move up equipment.) It will make it harder to move American supplies, and that will force them to withdraw from remote FOBs.

I'm not saying the American position isn't severely eroding, I just don't think a campaign of direct attack by the guerillas will do them any good. If supply goes into the toilet along with morale, the army will be forced to steadily withdraw, no massive battles or overruns needed (or likely possible at this stage).

m, at any rate, we're screwed one way or another

max June 13, 2007 - 6:27am

They seem to figure that it hurts their mobility less than the highly mechanized US forces who don't know the terrain.

I agree that Dien Bien Phu is a bit out. However isolated overruns I think we might see by the end of the year.

Ian Welsh June 13, 2007 - 7:19am

Don't forget the logistic aspects of modern war. US forces consume tremendous quantities of fuel and ammunition, even just hanging around. Ultimately, if the insurgents (or, what it really is, the Resistance) blows enough bridges, they can gain a chokehold on American logistics lines. Once American forces must go to force protection mode on their supply lines, then they can't project force into the areas they want to "pacify". Either way, the Americans lose ground and I suspect Petraeus knows it despite what he may say come September.

VizierVic June 13, 2007 - 7:26am

Isn't that how guerrilla warfare works?

In theory, the guerrilla's goal is to attack (more or less) opportunistically, going after understaffed or isolated positions. Shutting down logistics infrastructure such as train tracks, air ports, and the like is going to limit the occupying force's logistical options, and will create more isolated positions.

However, attacking the bridges also weakens the government. Consider that the government ostensibly serves to provide and maintain infrastructure and security. Governments that don't do either are untenable. This makes infrastructure such as roads, pipelines, and power systems into natural targets for anti-government groups.

NateTG June 13, 2007 - 9:17am

Lots and lots of fuel for aircraft, armored transportation, on-base electrical generation, small vehicles, etc etc. From what I can surmise from different sources to the amount of fuel needed each day for the Occupation. All of the comments will hold true to some degree, since Iraq is Arabic for Vietnam.

There are all types of tankers hauling fuel. From trucks that haul 2500 gallons to 10,000 gallons. The main point being an exposed supply line. We do not hear about the individual attacks on supply truck trains.

"The president's job is to think not only about today, but tomorrow"
george bush delivers deep insights in a speach given on
April 19, 2007
Tipp City High School
Tipp City, Ohio

Peter C June 13, 2007 - 12:15pm

They don't have to move in very large numbers at a given time and they can move at their own pace. They'll get around the bridges either by taking the long way around or even boats.

fly June 13, 2007 - 8:58am

The war is lost. Americans should begin to deal with what that means.

Los Angeles Times, By Christopher J. Fettweis, June 12

LOSING HURTS MORE than winning feels good. This simple maxim applies with equal power to virtually all areas of human interaction: sports, finance, love. And war.

Defeat in war damages societies quite out of proportion to what a rational calculation of cost would predict. The United States absorbed the loss in Vietnam quite easily on paper, for example, but the societal effects of defeat linger to this day. The Afghanistan debacle was an underrated contributor to Soviet malaise in the 1980s and a factor in perestroika, glasnost and eventually the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Defeats can have unintended, seemingly inexplicable consequences.

And as any sports fan can tell you, the only thing that feels worse than a loss is an upset. An upset demands explanation and requires that responsible parties be punished.

The endgame in Iraq is now clear, in outline if not detail, and it appears that the heavily favored United States will be upset. Once support for a war is lost, it is gone for good; there is no example of a modern democracy having changed its mind once it turned against a war. So we ought to start coming to grips with the meaning of losing in Iraq.

[...]

Either way, the Iraq syndrome is coming. We need to be prepared for the divisiveness, vitriol, self-doubt and recrimination that will be its symptoms. They will be the defining legacy of the Bush administration and neoconservatism's parting gift to America.

CHRISTOPHER J. FETTWEIS is assistant professor of national security affairs at the U.S. Naval War College. These opinions are his own.


"Vanity, Vanity, all is Vanity."

Raja June 13, 2007 - 7:13am

God give him rest, posted about this very thing some months back as well. His point, as I recall, was pretty much that the guerillas would be acting to isolate the US forces prepratory to trying overun attacks. The isolation would serve to complicate resupply and hinder mechanized responses.


"I beseech you in the bowels of christ think it possible you may be mistaken."

Scott M June 13, 2007 - 10:24am

This seems to be a significant uptick in sophistication on the part of the "bad guys" (whoever they are). So gee, I wonder if this revoltin' little development has anything to do with all that training I've been paying for.

And once again, we find ourselves on both sides of a war.

EvilleMike
Those who love to dance are often thought insane by those who cannot hear the music.

EvilleMike June 13, 2007 - 10:55am

All this makes me chuckle remembering kids in my poli sci classes agreeing with that manifest destiny/American exceptionalism nonsense. B/c what I want in a populace is blind faith in their awesomeness! To quote Homer Simpson, "I'll never get my comeuppance! Never!"

I can't even imagine what would happen if something Dien Bien Phu-ish happened right before 2009, which I suppose is when we'll officially start leaving (save all the permanent base nonsense, which depends who wins). What's the wargame if the Resistance overruns a few bases in the runup to the 08 elections? Does Rudy McRomney soil himself, or aim for martial law?

Or what if the Iraqis wait instead till December or January? The Iraqis just want us the hell out, so I'm guessing that the goal of most of the guerillas is just to force us out with these tactics. But what if some of the fresh new Al Qaeda recruits hop on the end of these intelligent tactics and try to spark Bush into getting even crazier (refusing to step down, etc.)? For clarity's sake I mean that what if, in the midst of this Shi'ite resistance movement some coordinated Al Qaeda strikes raise more hell at a politically opportune time for American fear-mongers. Forget the GOP, I wonder what Hillary or Barack'd do?

And on a local front, my brand spankin new congressman Joe Sestak, Mr. Admiral, still voted for the funding. Oh, and the first Osprey, which was our old guy Curt Weldon's baby, just got finished with his 'reluctant' approval. "Too late to scrap it", or somesuch. You know the Osprey, another absolutely useless piece of expensive hardware.

National politics is so depressing I'm just sticking to my county council race.

DupinTM June 13, 2007 - 12:41pm

PrairieStateBlue

Is he ok? Do you think he's planning on writing again? I do miss him and his Buckminster Fullerish densely packed writing style.

Jeff Wegerson June 13, 2007 - 1:17pm

Stirling is fine. He's working on some other things right now. I expect he'll be back at some point, though I can't swear to it.

Ian Welsh June 13, 2007 - 2:52pm

This isn't just about the capital, of course. It's about getting some significant overrun victories. The more you restrict the US's ability to reinforce isolated positions, the more likely it becomes that you can overrun them and either destroy them, or take hostages.

You don't understand what al q is doing. Or the US, for that matter.

It is trivially (and unfortunately) true that the future most likely holds some small overruns and hostage taking, but this has no particular relation to the bridge attacks.

Al Q will continue to hit targets of high symbolic value and targets of high economic value. Their tactical goals are sustaining state failure to cause delay and hence attrition, without which, they lose. Massive overruns are mostly beyond their means and always outside of their interests (for where the US troops are forced to flee, the shadow they cast as they leave is likely to be illuminated by rockets and missiles).

There are signs that Al Q's play is backfiring, what with increasing numbers of Sunni taking up arms against them.

-t

dasht June 13, 2007 - 6:57pm

"We have found the enemy, and he is us"

"There are signs that Al Q's play is backfiring, what with increasing numbers of Sunni taking up arms against them."

Incorrect. The populace taking up arms is a sign that terrorists are doing well, not poorly. The whole game is to piss people off enough that they start doing stupid things that will hurt them more than they hurt you.

NateTG June 15, 2007 - 1:07pm

Scenario extensively, and many other scenarios as well.

Max's comment is comical and on the logical lines of "the more they defeat us and force us into retreat, the more they overextend themselves, and the more we concentrate our forces, so therefore it's a big win for us, in the long run."

Please. The occupation was planned to end 4 years ago. The 2002-2003 plan did not call for guerrillas to be dropping concrete bridge spans on US GIs in 2007. The US is losing all control on the ground because they do not have a concentrated enemy in the field to bomb and fight. The US cannot fight diffuse guerrilla forces who are growing stronger and better armed and better informed and better motivated every day.

Douglas Watts June 14, 2007 - 12:23am

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