The Paradox of Financial Disorder


It’s been a year now since the collapse of the financial system, when venerable institutions crumbled and the world fell toward depression. Historically, economic calamities have ushered in political and economic changes, often jarring ones – some for the better, others not. The present calamity seems to be heading us for a raw deal of a smaller and more deeply entrenched oligarchy.

A year ago, the financial sector was already concentrated. The previous decade or so had seen Citibank, Goldman Sachs, Countrywide, Merrill Lynch, JP Morgan, and a handful of others, devour rivals. Presidents and congresses of both parties put aside longstanding bipartisan concerns over concentrated economic power, and simply looked on at centralization. Why would they do otherwise? Generous inducements were coming into the re-election coffers of both parties, and that certainly transcends statesmanship and foresight. It was a good time to be on Capitol Hill back then. It was an even better time to be on Wall Street.

But housing prices tumbled, endangering mortgage businesses and banks. Then other institutions that had built too many operations and investments on the dubious ground of various forms of debt, began to fall apart. Today far fewer significant financial institutions dominate the sector. Teddy Roosevelt and Bob La Follette would issue prompt marching orders. Tim Geithner and Ben Bernanke are at parade rest.

Paradoxically, and in partial defense of inattentive policy makers, it might not be advisable to do any trust bustin’ just now. Banks are only now emerging from the “liquidity trap” and cautiously putting money out into the circular flow in the form of loans. Even the prospect of vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws would reduce lending once more, roil world markets, and lead to even greater unemployment.

The same can be said of thorough prosecution of those who engaged in criminal activity in the financial sector over the previous decade or so – and the dons know it. Prosecutions, and anti-trust campaigns as well, would lead to strategic restrictions of lending, which would forestall any economic recovery we might have in the near future.

Well then, an anti-trust campaign and criminal prosecutions will have to wait, but they will surely come in a year or so.

There’s room for doubt.

Public outrage was quite high only a few months ago, but it’s dwindled to manageable levels. The captains of finance are poised to take credit for whatever recovery we are fortunate to have and to argue that it’s best to leave things alone just now. Listen for it on a radio station near you. And we can be certain that a small but well-planned part of the sector’s injection into the circular flow has taken the form of calculated contributions to the campaigns of key politicians, ones with responsibility for . . . oh, you know which committees. That’s capitolism.

About fifty years ago, the maverick sociologist C Wright Mills warned of a “power elite” coming to dominate public life. He was widely scoffed at then, and generally dismissed as having greatly overstated his case. Perhaps we should dust off our old copies of Mills, if only to understand what’s been going on over previous decades.

~ ©2009 Brian M. Downing
Brian M. Downing is the author of several works of political and military history, including The Military Revolution and Political Change and The Paths of Glory: War and Social Change in America from the Great War to Vietnam.  He can be reached at brianmdowning@gmail.com.


Brian Downing September 28, 2009 - 10:31pm
( categories: USA: Domestic Issues )

Bernanke has said, with only a slight hint of doubt that he may be overstating things, that he saved the world from depression. The banks are declaring the recession over, and chipping away in Congress at any legislation that would limit their bonuses or dampen their derivatives activity. M&A activity is picking up now that stock prices have recovered nearly 50% of their decline. CDOs are being repackaged again and securitized. Fees on consumer banking are being scaled back but only on products like forced overdrafts that have drawn consumer outrage.

These recoveries are the businesses which boomed during the housing bubble. Banks want to get back into the most lucrative parts of their businesses of the 00's. But their basic lending, to consumers, small businesses, corporations, local governments and non-profits, is stagnant if not declining. The country is still being deprived of credit, and bankruptcies are rolling along as the credit crisis deepens. Consumers are retrenching by increasing their savings and ploughing what money they can not into the banks, which offer hardly anything in the way of interest because they don't want the money, but into Treasuries. What credit there is comes from the federal government - which for example is financing over 3/4 of all home mortgages.

We remain in the classic Keynesian liquidity trap. Uncle Ben has been unable to do anything about it. Until many trillions of dollars of debt are paid back or defaulted, the economy will not recover, and the government will be the only place open for lending, unless you are in the speculative business of derivatives trading or securities placement.

The next round of disappointment for the markets - in fact let's call it shock - is just around the corner.

Numerian September 29, 2009 - 4:08am

world banks were supposed to be facing 4.1 Trillion dollars of losses. Our big 4 banks seem to have taken only 200 billion or so in losses. Who has taken the rest? I have not seen an accounting of it lately.

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 29, 2009 - 10:54am

EOM

We need a NATION WIDE STRIKE for Real healthcare reform

Joaquin September 29, 2009 - 1:29pm

of mortgage related assets to the Fed that have been taken as collateral for repurchase agreement(loans to the banks) and these have not been marked down for losses. So in part you are correct, but these will never be marked down under current policy.

Then there are commercial real estate loans that are on the books of the 4 big banks. Something like 500B. Then there are 900B or so of off balance sheet assets that will have to be consolidated to the bank books and then there are 600B or so of mark to model assets on the books as well.

These numbers come from a recent Roubini article.

None of these has been written off. The mainstream financial press seems to be ignoring them for now.

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 29, 2009 - 2:16pm

I've followed economics in the blogosphere for 4 or 5 years now. I read Bonddad, Stirling Newberry, Ian Welsh, and the crew here in general. I check in with Barry Ritholz, Paul Krugman, Mike Shedlock and Calculated Risk routinely. There's a decent range of opinions there, and I think it has generally stood my wife and I in good stead - we resisted buying a house in a pricey part of L.A. when we moved here two years ago, and moved our retirement savings into bonds in October of 2007.

We took these steps because I found the analysis by the above sources to be well reasoned and well founded. The picture painted was of an unsustainable course that was destined to result in disaster. That has been largely borne out. But now that we are well into the disaster, I am finding a growing divergence of views, where once it seemed a fairly consistent chorus of 'This cannot last!'.

In particular, I am of the opinion that while the conditions that gave rise to the collapse of last fall are still in existence (which they largely are), that we risk further crashes, let alone managing a sustainable recovery. Yet I am seeing what seems like some very credible analysis pointing to a stronger recovery than I would have thought possible over at Bonddad's. I am not trying to call him out, on the contrary, his data-oriented approach is one that I respect, to the degree that I am wondering if I am holding onto my 'doom-n-gloom' viewpoint out of an emotional attachment instead of dispassionately re-assessing the situation. I missed out on this rally because I was convinced the crisis wasn't over, and I don't see how buying in now is a great idea.

The last thing I am asking for is investing advice. But I would be interested to see what people think about what New Deal Democrat has been saying over at Bonddad's (http://bonddad.blogspot.com/2009/09/why-im-bullish-kiss-edition.html). Emotionally I am with Invictus, but I don't have a lot of respect for emotion-based-analysis - that's why I was drawn to people like Bonddad, Ian, Stirling and so forth.

On the one side we have big-shitpile: still big. Option Arm Recasts, commercial real estate issues, state government budget crises, a poorly crafted stimulus, tapped-out consumers (debt wise), severe wage/income/wealth inequality to name a few headwinds. On the other side we have the irrationality of markets, continued denial by the manufacturers of conventional wisdom, regulatory and policy capture by TBTF, and the 8000 lb. gorilla that is the Fed. Gov't. So how do people think it will shake out? I am of the opinion that if the crisis to date has resulted in tacking ~5 points on to unemployment and lopping a few points off GDP, then when the rest of the debt bubble bursts why won't that repeat? I don't have any numbers to back that assumption up though...

I guess the topline question is - will the steps taken (and ones likely to be taken given who is at the reins) muddle us through sideways in a prolonged economic malaise, fail to avert a crash, be wildly successful, or something else? I'm having a hard time arguing with NDD's statistical analysis and they've been debunking a good bit of the deep doom analysis at other sites. I'd love to know what people think (and wish Ian and Stirling still posted here).

Thanks,

-Doug McElroy

dlmcelroy0 September 29, 2009 - 1:39pm

The Fed's pump priming exercise could keep the economy humming along for several years. We've seen this before. In fact, that's all we've seen in the past 50 years. This is why so many people are looking at the technical picture and seeing a repeat of 2002 and 2003 when the market bottomed, took off like a shot, moved into oversold territory, and then stayed there for four years while a massive housing bubble built up. Economically, the Fed has been successful in stirring up the speculative juices in housing, in derivatives, mergers and acquisitions, etc. The question becomes, is this enough to sustain itself? Can even a mini bubble be created? These are critical questions because the Fed is not likely to create a traditional economic recovery since we don't have a traditional recession. We don't have the usual manufacturing and service sector inventory build-up, we don't have threatening inflation, and we therefore did not have Fed-engineered high interest rates that choked off the economy. What we had instead was a Ponzi scheme that reached a classic tipping point, when the music stopped because of credit default fears, not because of unbearable interest rate levels.

This is why another bubble is the only way out. In fact, an even bigger bubble is required because this is the nature of bubbles. Like Ponzi schemes, ever-increasing amounts of debt are necessary to keep asset prices inflated. The Fed has done this to a degree by exploding its balance sheet, and the Treasury has accommodated with trillions of dollars of new debt to be paid by the taxpayers. The amounts involved - about $3 trillion of direct government finance not counting various guaranties - is a bit short of the incremental $4 trillion that was being added to the bubble every year by 2007. This is the problem: the government needs to issue much more debt to restore the economy to where it was in 2007 and get it to grow again. It hasn't done that so far. It has only replaced a portion of the private sector financing that has disappeared. Just as important, it cannot withdraw any existing credit without sinking the economy worse than where it was before.

Bernanke is doing everything his training has taught him, but it is not enough. Unless the U.S. doubles up or triples up, and unless global savers are willing to buy all this new debt, the economy will at best lumber along in its current trough. More likely it will sink to lower levels.

Numerian September 29, 2009 - 11:21pm

Aussie shares surge to one-year high
whilst

The Treasurer Wayne Swan released the final Budget outcome of a $27.1 billion deficit for the 2008-09 financial year, which was $5 billion better than was forecast when the Government released the 2009-10 Budget in May.

Annette Beacher, a senior strategist with TD Securities, says the Government initially expected the deficit to account for 2.7 per cent of Australia's gross domestic product.

"Australia's deficit at 2.3 per cent of GDP is about a decimal place better than the rest of the world," she told ABC News.

"Australia hasn't recorded negative GDP growth in 2009 as opposed to all of our G20 colleagues in the Northern Hemisphere."

and house prices are rising

A senior Reserve Bank official says rising house prices do not actually benefit most owners, and tend to transfer wealth from the poor to the rich.

The RBA's head of economic analysis, Tony Richards, says it is good that Australia seems to have escaped the large house price falls that destabilised many other advanced economies such as the US and UK, but that rapid price rises might be similarly destructive.

and
interest rates are moving

The Commonwealth's one-year fixed rates will rise by half a percentage point to 6.19 per cent.

Its two-year fixed rate mortgage is going up by 30 basis points, while three-year fixed home loan rates will increase by 15 basis points.

graham September 29, 2009 - 4:34am

...exports and in country gas pipeline construction. An Aussie mate of mine is there now; working massive OT hours and pulling in 100k+ per year. Recession? What recession?

Celsius 233 September 29, 2009 - 7:43am

...never drank the kool-aide and some others who've givin it up. I gave it up long before I left. There's an underground economy that will become more and more mainstream and cash isn't king; good pot, good organic veggies/meat, and barter on all levels will help America's majority to survive their dip into third world economics 101.

Celsius 233 September 29, 2009 - 7:49am

as a power elite seems very close to what we have today. There are people on both sides of the political spectrum who see it.

All it took was Paulson's saving Goldman as its abiding metaphor. Everyone knew then.

http://mauberly.blogspot.com/

mauberly September 29, 2009 - 10:50am

But the penultimate one? Banks cleaned out the taxpayer, no new regulation looks to pass Congress, Glass-Stegall is still a four letter word in DC, war in Afghan chugs along, Fed has rates effectively pegged to zero (meaning inflation for you/me), unemployment looks to settle around 15% permanently, America still doesn't produce anything new to export in the future. Does that sound like the storm has passed to any of you?

We got raped yes, but I'm thinking the gangbang has yet to begin. Still a good idea to push and fight to lay the groundwork for a real reform / recovery now (and not wallow in apathy), but don't you dare think this is over. Not by a damn sight.

zot23 September 29, 2009 - 10:53am

...as a blue meanie. Not going to happen. It's here, now!

Celsius 233 September 29, 2009 - 10:58am

is all the fresh money the banks got for that bad debt has been driving up stocks and commodities. Lately I've been reading more about tankers being used to store oil. The last few days, there has been news that oil futures are dropping. So the question is; What happens if they have to dump that oil and it drops the bottom out of the oil market? Seems like it would be a large problem.

brodix September 29, 2009 - 5:58pm

"A glut of oil caused by the recession means that crude available for immediate purchase is currently cheaper than that bought on longer-term or "future" contracts – a practice known as "contango". The result is that independent traders have been rushing to buy the cheaper "spot" oil and storing it wherever they can – namely in under-employed tanker fleets – in anticipation of a sharp rise in price as the global economy begins to recover. The resulting profit can be anything between 15 and 20 per cent – tens of millions of dollars – even after the cost of hiring a tanker is deducted."

The economy is going nowhere, but they've used the money to inflate oil prices. Logically it's only going to cause a glut, as producers are not cutting back, just all possible storage capacity is being filled up for higher prices to come. Ergo, bubble. Then they are going to have to start dumping it on the market and prices go down. Since storing the oil isn't exactly free and there is no cartel controlling the situation.....

Would you think this chart suggests higher prices?

http://www.wtrg.com/daily/crudeoilprice.html

brodix September 29, 2009 - 8:46pm

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