Diamond
Sparkling, precious diamonds are the desire of everyone. Diamonds are beautiful in the truest sense and are the objects of envy and desire. They are the best token of love for the young at hearts. You can find the diamond factory in the core or heart of earth. They are about three billion years old, a fact beyond imagination. Volcanic eruptions bring them to the earth surface. Even today, mystery, intrigue and fascination are associated with diamonds like the one it used to be in older times. There are many interesting stories attached to the diamonds. The Romans thought they were parts of falling stars and Greek concept was that these precious jewels were god's tears. The name of diamond is a derivative if the Greek word "adamas" that means unconquerable. This rare gem has been the symbol of passion and romance for ages. Diamonds are transparent in their natural state. You have to cut and polish to achieve the sparkle of the diamond for which they are famous. Diamond is the hardest material on earth and is four times harder than sapphire and ruby the next hardest element. It has four directions cleavage. The diamond cutter should avoid these cleavage directions to circumvent breaking the diamond. Diamonds are special because of their special properties like high refraction, broad color range, rarity, extreme hardness, its durability remember it is three billion years old. It has very high resistance to chemicals. The physical properties of diamond are unique and impressive. In terms of hardness, it tops the hardness scale with a ten. It is a transparent element over a wide range of wavelengths i.e. from ultraviolet to infrared. In this feature, too it tops the chart. Its thermal conductivity is the best and at least five times better than silver the second item on the scale. It has the highest melting point 3820 degree Kelvin and the lattice density than any other substance. Carbon has two polymorphs graphite and diamond. They have the same chemical constitution but are very different in physical structure and properties. You can find Diamond mines in Australia, Africa, Russia, India, Brazil and Arkansas.
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