San Diego Criminal Defense Attorney

Q: A mother later told reporters that her son -- convicted of assaulting five San Diego women at random -- suffered from a personality disorder and "chemical imbalance." In the past, the City Heights ex-convict had assaulted his mother, brother, police and a few other people, many, but not all, women. Was it a chemical imbalance that prompted the attacks on five females, all strangers? A hatred of the opposite sex? A combination of both? Should it matter?

A: Increasingly, California juries are being asked to scrutinize the criminal behavior of defendants like this to decide whether their motive was bias toward a particular group. The crimes that are can bring extra punishment -- up to four more years in prison, depending on the crime. It is a trend that many criminal-justice officials applaud, saying the courts are becoming more sensitive to the acute trauma that comes with being attacked because of one's gender, race, religion or sexual orientation. Other criminal-justice experts find the trend troubling. They say such prosecutions amount to special treatment

for certain victims. And, citing cases like this, they voice concerns about trying to fit a criminal's often complicated or indecipherable motivations into a neat category. A few critics worry that the people most likely to be prosecuted under these statutes are the perpetrators of politically incorrect crimes. In San Diego County, for instance, 75 percent of the 65 people charged with hate crimes since 1998 have been white males. The McCall case was a significant victory for San Diego County prosecutor Hector Jimenez, who runs his office's hate-crimes unit. Criminal-justice experts say it was one of the first gender-based hate-crime convictions in the country.