London Bridge

Tourists who come to the city of London in the United Kingdom generally make a point of visiting London Bridge, which connects the major part of the city to the southern suburbs in Southwark, sometimes called Bankside. This structure lies between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge. Up to 1750, it was the only bridge over the Thames River in London. In AD 46 at the site of the present bridge the Romans built a wooden structure. But numerous fires and floods destroyed the connecting planks, and eventually, in the 12th century, a more permanent stone structure was erected. In the centuries that followed, houses, shops, and businesses were built on the bridge surface so that crossing pedestrians could stop and shop while en route between the city and borough. The bridge’s southern gatehouse grew notorious in the 14th century, for it became the site where heads of executed criminals were impaled, dipped in tar for preservation purposes, and put on display. The first prominent political prisoner to suffer this fate was William Wallace of Scotland, immortalized in Mel Gibson’s film Braveheart. By about 1762 the houses and other structures on the bridge were removed due to their tendency to become fire hazards. Finally the old bridge could

no longer stand under the increasing weight of modern traffic. In 1831 it was replaced with a new London Bridge about 100 feet west of the original, after which the old one was torn down. But the new bridge that was built by Rennie eventually needed to be replaced as the foundation on one side began to sink. Auctioned by the city, it was sold for $2,000,000 to an American businessman and shipped to the States where it was erected in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. The modern London Bridge opened in 1973, and is fairly plain when contrasted with its predecessors. Nevertheless, it serves to connect London with Southwark and past with present in the memories of those who study its history.