Bipolar & Depression...Serious Treatment Options

Q: When treating patients with bipolar depression, Zajecka described a number of issues to be considered by the clinician: defining the type of bipolar disorder; choice of treatment; duration of treatment; association between antidepressant treatment and affective cycling; and managing depression in rapid-cycling bipolar and treatment-refractory patients.

A:The ideal treatment option, according to Zajecka, is a mood stabilizer which could be used to treat both phases of the illness, and the different forms of bipolar disorder, without having to utilize antidepressants that often cause or exacerbate cycle acceleration or "precipitate a rapid-cycling episode." "In the old days, lithium was our only approved treatment, but now we have divalproex sodium (Depakote) approved for use for bipolar disorder, so we have really the two gold standards," he said. "And we have quite a bit of information about carbamazepine (Tegretol), although not as much compared to the former two. The atypical neuroleptics also are playing more of an important role, not only in acute treatment but also in long-term treatment. Additionally, some newcomers, including lamotrigine

(Lamictal) and possibly gaba-pentin (Neurontin) may play a role in the treatment of bipolar depression." Zajecka listed a number of antidepressants used in the management of bipolar depression: tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion (Wellbutrin), venlafaxine (Effexor), nefazo-done (Serzone), mirtazapine (Remeron) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). "Other options? We should not to forget the usefulness of electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression; ECT works on both phases of the illness," he said. "Certainly if someone has a mild depression with a seasonal component, phototherapy is a warranted treatment."